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Course Objective... : Chapter 1 - 1
Course Objective... : Chapter 1 - 1
& Engineering
Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials
Chapter 1 - 1
COURSE MATERIALS
(with WileyPLUS)
Required text:
• WileyPLUS for Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. (2010).
Chapter 1 - 2
READING SCHEDULE
Week Topic Chapter
1 General Intro; Atomic Bonding 1,2
2 Crystalline Structures; Imperfections 3,4
3 Diffusion; Mechanical Properties 5,6
4 Strengthening Mechanisms; Failure 7,8
5 Phase Diagrams 9
6 Phase Transformations 10
Applications & Processing of Metal Alloys 11
7 Struc., Prop., Proc., Applic. of Ceramics 12,13
8 Struc., Prop. of Polymers; Composites 14,15,16
9 Corrosion; Elec. & Thermal Prop. 17,18,19
10 Magnetic & Optical Prop. 20,21
Econ. & Envir. Issues 22
Lectures: will highlight important portions of each chapter.
Chapter 1 - 3
Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science?
• Why should we know about it?
Chapter 1 - 4
Example – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).
• Requirements
– mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility
Chapter 1 - 6
Example – Hip Implant
Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening
photograph, Chapter 22, Callister 7e.
Chapter 1 - 8
Example – Develop New Types of
Polymers
• Commodity plastics – large volume ca. $0.50 / lb
Ex. Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.
Chapter 1 - 9
Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)
30 m
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
400 (b) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
4 m discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
30 m
and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister &
200 30 m
Rethwisch 8e.
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Chapter 1 - 10
Types of Materials
• Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.
Chapter 1 - 11
The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
Chapter 1 - 12
ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6 Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister &
t %Ni Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted
a
5 3 .32 from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219
+ (1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M.
Cu Ni
Resistivity,
Thermal Conductivity
Rethwisch 3e. (Courtesy
of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.) 300
(W/m-K)
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
Adapted from Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch
Fig. 19.4W, Callister 8e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
6e. (Courtesy of Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and
Lockheed Aerospace Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
Ceramics Systems, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,
Sunnyvale, CA) 1979, p. 315.)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
100 m is on CD-ROM.) Chapter 1 - 14
MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
-- Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by -- Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Magnetization
Fe+3%Si
Fe
Magnetic Field
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and
Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chapter 1 - 15
OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity
Chapter 1 - 16
DETERIORATIVE
• Stress & Saltwater... • Heat treatment: slows
-- causes cracks! crack speed in salt water!
increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and
Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Chapter 16, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. Boveri Co.)
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and
4 m
Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)
-- material:
7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Chapter 1 - 18