GROUP NO:21

 M.AWAIS AHMED

 M.HUZAIFA LAEEQ

 M.IRFAN KHAN
 HORT-302
TOPIC: TRAINING AND ITS TYPES
 Contents
What is training?
Types of training.
a) Centre Leader
b) Open Centre
c) Modified Leader System
Objectives of training.
Principal of training.
Advantages of training.
 TRAINING
When the plant is stalked or tied or supported over a
trellis or pergola in certain fashion or some of its part are
removed or trimmed with a view to give the plant a
particular shape, this operation is called training.
OR
Training refers to judicious removal of part to develop a
proper shape of plant capable of bearing heavy crop load.
 OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING
Training controls the shape of plants.
It aims at proper distribution of fruit bearing parts.
Controls of insects and disease.
To facilitate interception of sunrays to each and
every part of plant.
To develop a balance between vegetative and
reproductive growth of plant.
 PRINCIPAL OF TRAINING
Training should be started from very beginning
age of plant.
 In plant having prominent apical dominance,
the terminal bud should be removed to facilitate
emergence of side branches.
 Drooping branches needs to be removed.
 TYPES OF TRAINING
Centre Leader/Pyramid system
Open Centre/Open Head system
Modified Leader System
 Centre leader
The main trunk is allowed to develop without any
interruption. The first branch is allowed to grow at 45
to 50 cm height from ground level and other branches
are allowed to grow on main stem at a distance of 15 to
20 cm.
This system is most
Suitable for pear.
 Open Centre
The main trunk is beheaded, when the plant attains a
height of 40 to 50 cm.3-5 nearly equally developed
primary lateral branches which are well scattered,
arranged and distributed are allowed to developed from
trunk.
This system is not
suitable for high
altitude where frost
occurs.
 Modified leader system
This is the intermediate form of central leader and
open centre system and draws the benefits from both
the system.
It is 1st trained like centre leader by allowing stem to
grow for 1st 4-5 years and then headed back to 75-
120cm height from ground level.
ADVANTAGES OF TRAINING
Prevent weaker stem from lodging.
Help position the leaves or adequate sunlight
Supports fruits off the ground
Easy harvesting
Makes watering easier
Weed management and chemical application
Thanks You..