LEARNING GUIDE 1-12

PRESENTATION
LEARNING GUIDE 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

iii. OBJECTIVES
• Introduce how intellectual revolution changed the way how humans see the world?
• Explain how technological advancement that happened in the information age?
IV. Learning Outcome/s
• Trace the historical development of science and technology with the use of concept map, timeline and
group report with pre- recorded video presentation.
• Identified the different products of science and technology form ancient to modern times
• Participated with the group activity
• Enjoyed the activities with online class

v. Learning materials
Read: general concepts and historical events n science, technology and society
McNara, et al. (2018) science, technology and society. C&E publishing, inc.
Serafica, et al. (2018) science, technology and society, rex bookstore
Watch and Listen: Download PowerPoint presentation prepared by the professor

VI. Visit:
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/history-science-technology-and-medicine/history-s
cience/brief-history-science
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/timeline.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-ecnomics-and-finance/history-of-technology
https://docs.knuera.com
VI. HOW WELL DID YOU KNOW THE FOLLOWING SCIENTIFIC
CONCEPTS/TERMS? CHECK IT OUT!
1. With the 26 letters of the alphabet, think of the first initial letter of the word that start with A to Z
and write a sentence for this word.
Astrology Joules Shakespeare
Biology Kepler Titanium
Century Lithium Uranus
Decarboxylation Monoscope Voltage
Eclipse Neutron Waltz
Fahrenheit Oxygen Xenobiology
Galaxy Pascal Yttrium
Helium Quantum Zoology
Ischium Radiology
2. How well did you define science, technology and society?
• Science, helps us improve our technology and society while technology is an output of science and
society, and society helps science to improve technology.

3. How will you compare and contrast the STS of yesterday and today?
• I would say, science of today is way more high tech than yesterday because today has a improvise
technology that helps us live easily that living at the yesterday because they only have their bare hands
to use for. People of yesterday used their hands to make their on swords, rock to be their what so called
a “tablet” to write.
VII. REVIEW
1. Based on the things you have learned, can you trace the historical development of Science,
Technology and Society during the ancient, medieval and modern times?
• Modern medicine in its socioeconomic and political context: medical practice and healthcare during the
Spanish Catholic Monarchy, particularly in the self-governing Kingdom of Valencia; the presence of extra
academic forms of medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries.
• The public and scientific activity: the circulation and popularization of scientific ideas within the
intellectual categories of this period, the Baroque representations of medicine and natural history in
sermons and creative literature during the Spanish Catholic Monarchy.
• The scientific ideas of astronomers, cosmographers and doctors in the Modern Age: considering
specifically the role of astrology, as well as the changes in the content and limits of disciplines in the
knowledge map of the 16th and 17th centuries.
• Study of the role of doctors as experts in various fields: such as in the different early medieval or modern
Valencian courts or in municipal councils, through sources from archives, religious literature (sermons)
and poetry literature (Ausiàs March) of the time.
• Development of a complete catalogue of the collection from the legacy of doctor and medical historian José
Rodrigo Pertegás, located in different Valencian and Catalan libraries and archives.
• Baroque images and representations of the sick and disease in the Spanish Catholic Monarchy through
two non-medical sources: one the one hand, a collection of letters from the late 17th century exchanged
between a doctor who worked for the king and his patients and, on the other hand, Baroque literature
(plays and novels), to know about social attitudes.
The process of understanding American nature and land, and the introduction of American plants in
Europe: in particular the dissemination of scientific knowledge in herbaria, medical texts and the Chronicles of
the Indies during the 16th and 17th centuries.

2. Can you explain what is Scientific Revolution specifically in these modern times?
Scientific revolution refers to the resurrection of modern-day science. This can be said to have
happened when developments in various branches of studies, especially in chemistry, physics,
math, astrophysics and biology, completely transformed the way of doing many things.

 viii. Learning activities

1. Search or visit some websites related with the given topics;

a. Intellectual Revolutions
b. Science education in the Philippines
c. Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines
d. Philippine Scientists
https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/ResearchAndStudies/Pages/On_the_Intellectual_and_Revolution.aspx?
fbclid=IwAR1385DTL935yB-TKSsWQS_9tUdjJUXdvpa3Bl1kasndNsaA8t5AbJdA9dA
https://www.slideshare.net/iPagador/science-education-in-the-philippines
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines?fbclid=IwAR2eh8M8b1ZJZUj-
KEo-YOXceVn_p7OS2TIMiTbPAkhdBLxzyufwMiAGBL0
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/lists/national-scientists-of-the-philippines/

XI. Assessment
1. Visit Google Classroom for a brief assessment
2. How did you find the activity? Select the given emoji and why you have experienced this feeling?

😄 _________________________________________________________________________________________
😄 _______________________________________________
😞 _______________________________________________
X. ENRICHMENT
Analyze how scientific is done in various parts of the world like Latin America, East Asia,
Middle East and Africa.
1. Latin America
 Latin American science has been dismissed as the underdeveloped and dependent poor cousin of science in the
developed world.
2. East Africa
 Declaring 2007 the year of science and technology, the leaders, who met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, agreed to a series of other
initiatives. These included establishing a pan-African intellectual property organization to help protect indigenous innovations
and starting on a 20-year strategy to promote cooperation among states on research in biotechnology.

3. Middle East
Science and technology enhance the capabilities of states and societies to obtain and transform resources
necessary for their development and advancement. On the other hand, lack of scientific knowledge and
access to technology not only affects a country’s level of development but also jeopardizes its national
security. In an anarchic international system, security interdependence implies that the security of a state is
closely tied to the security of the other states and especially its neighbors. Since national securities are
interdependent, the security or insecurity of a state may have a considerable impact not only on the security
of its immediate neighbors but also on the security of the whole region in which it is geographically
embedded (regional security).
4. Africa
African leaders have pledged to devote more resources to the development of science and
technology, an area deemed vital for economic development, yet long neglected and poorly
funded in many countries. At a January 2007 summit of the continent’s political body, the
African Union, heads of state “strongly urged” all AU countries to allocate at least 1 per cent of
their gross domestic product to research and development by 2020. They also pledged to
revitalize African universities — many of which have declined due to dwindling support over the
last few decades — and to promote the study of science and technology by young people.

REFERNCES:
https://www.uv.es/uvweb/university-institute-history-medicine-science/en/research/-c
ompleted-projects-lines-previous-centers/science-technology-society-middle-age-early
-modern-period-1285895971799.html
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/scientific-revolution
https://nacla.org/article/latin-america-science-long-view
LEARNING GUIDE 2: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
Objectives:

Intellectual Revolution

Greek speculation about “ nature”

Known as “Pre-Socratic or “non-theological” or “ first philosophy”.

Three characteristics of this philosophy

 The world is natural whole
 There is natural ‘order’
 Humans can discover those laws.
 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN
INFORMATION AGE
More technological changes, such as the development of fiber optic cables and faster
microprocessors, accelerated the transmission and processing of information.
Companies whose businesses are built on digitized information have become valuable
and powerful in a relatively short period of time.
Three greatest technological inventions:
1. DNA fingerprinting
2. The Internet
3. Wireless Electricity
 IV. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Paradigm Shifts

Paradigm shifts tend to be most dramatic in sciences that appear to

be stable and mature, as in physics at the end of the 19th century.
Thus, it could be argued that it caused or was itself part of a
"paradigm shift" in the history and sociology of science. 
 A concept identified by the American physicist and philosopher
Thomas Kuhn, is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and
experimental practices of a scientific discipline.
 PARADIGM SHIFTS AND COMPARISON
COPERNICAN
 Heliocentric System vs Ptolemy's Geocentric System.
 Earth is dynamic not statistic.
 Implications of this especially religious.
DARWINIAN
 Theory about evolution, believing that all life on earth are connected and related with one
another. Life's diversity came as a result of modification in populations and were driven by
natural selections. To which it is highly based on survival of the fittest.
FREUDIAN
 Freudian revolution is the revelation of the way of finding within the intellect the
objective substances that can be examined like physical things. It is believed that brain can
be characterized into diverse compartments such as inner self, id, superego, conscious and
the unconscious portion.
 VII. REVIEW

Intellectual Ideas that considered to be controversial.

Most controversial that occurred in Intellectual ideas were caused of oppression in beliefs.
Especially the opposition that philosophers trying to explained that changes the
teachings of the church this include "Copernicus’ Heliocentric theory, Darwin’s theory
of evolution and the Freudian Revolution.
Based your analysis how do intellectual revolutions transform societies?
It will transform societies through critical-thinking, evaluation, and creating appropriate
rules for equal opportunity. It is a continuous process of
development to achieve the needs of society. The collaborations of great minds make
the world peaceful and progressive.
How does intellectual revolution Transform society?
We became more open about studying things that assist us, in understanding our world. It is
a continuous process of development to achieve the needs of society. The collaborations
of great minds make the world peaceful and progressive
 Meso-America
• Mesoamerica were their conviction within the cycles of planets and celestial creatures just like
the sun, and the moon; they too built observatories which made a difference in
their rural and structural calculations.

Asia
• Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and herbal medicine were being practice.
 Africa
 Coffee was developed as a consumable beverage that spread to Africa throughout the
world.
 Africa used plans with salicylic acid for pain (aspirin) and for diarrhea. They are also
highly advanced in medicine such operating autopsies and caesariam.
 Middle East
 The Arab applied the romans principles and improve watermill known as Noria.
X. ENRICHMENT
 LEARNING GUIDE 3: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION
BUILDING

Pros for Technology

• Improves efficiency for business
• Saves time
• Better communication
Cons for Technology
• Extreme dependability
• Expensive
• Shortage of jobs
• Malfunction
 ADVANTAGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 It will make our life easier

 It help us organize our daily activities
 This helps our work can be done faster
 It help us to communicate more easily with others
 This helps us to be better know and understand the other
cultures and societies
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Republic Act 156 – establishment of government laboratories
Example: Doctors Hospital
Republic Act 1606 - to promote scientific engineering and technological research
Republic Act 2067 – to integrate, coordinate, and intensify scientific research to
provide funds
Executive Order No. 128 - an order recognizing the national science and technology
authority
Republic Act 6959 - establishing provincial centers
 LEARNING GUIDE 4: HUMAN PROSPER AS REFLECTED IN PROGRESS
AND DEVELOPMENT

I. OVERVIEW
II. TIME FRAME: 3 TO 5 HOURS
III. OBJECTIVES
• Help analyze human growth vis-à-vis the development of science and technology
• Give ideas on human flourishing as reflected in the progress and development
• Acquire specific concepts that relate on the human progress and development

A. Theory of development
Development is the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span. Several famous psychologists,
including Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Lawrence Kohlberg, describe development as a series of stages.
B. man's interference with nature
Humans have had a profoundly adverse impact on the environment. Failure to conduct activities like manufacturing,
transportation, large-scale fishing, agriculture and waste disposal in moderation impacts the land, air and water.
C Population
A population is the number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area at the same time, with the
capability of interbreeding.
D. de- developing - The “de-developing framework” is about shifting the idea of development from economic growth to life
expectancy and happiness. For the past 70 years, growth has been the basis of development. Looking back, the economy has already
grown by 380%, but a lot of people are still living in extreme poverty.
 
C. Population
A population is the number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic
area at the same time, with the capability of interbreeding.
D. de- developing - The “de-developing framework” is about shifting the idea of development from
economic growth to life expectancy and happiness. For the past 70 years, growth has been the basis of
development. Looking back, the economy has already grown by 380%, but a lot of people are still
living in extreme poverty.

E. Sustainable Development Goals of the United nations

No poverty, zero hunger, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water
and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry innovation
and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption
and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace justice and strong institutions,
partnerships for the goals.
X. Enrichment
1. How do we improve our lives and yet reduce consumption?
We improve our lives by thinking of better life and seeking for a better life because of our family. We
can reduce consumption by only using what we need in our life.
2. Why must we change our paradigm of growth
It is because as the time changes the cycle also changes.
 LEARNING GUIDE 5: NICOMACHEAN ETHICS AND MODERN
CONCEPTS
I. OVERVIEW
II. TIME FRAME: 3-5 HOURS
III. OBJECTIVES
• Familiarize the good life as posited by Aristotle
• Introduce the good life in the different perception specially the “Nicomachean“ ethics
• Acquire values and skills in doing this learning guide

IV. LEANING OUTCOME/S

• Explained the concept of good life
• Examined shared concerns that make up the good life to come with innovative and creative solutions to
contemporary issues guided by ethical standards
• Showed willingness to work with the group
• Performed the given tasked as spelled out in the give learning guide
 V. LEARNING MATERIALS
READ: General Concepts and Historical Events in Science, Technology and Society McNema et al, (2018)
Science, Technology and Society, C & E Publishing, Inc.
 LEARNING GUIDE 6: WHY DOES THE FUTURE DOES NOT NEED
US?

~Concern for Humanity

Bill Joy, the author of “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us,” arguing that human beings
face the realistic possibility of extinction because of competition from intelligent
robots, which are made possible by technological advancements in artificial
intelligence. Joy locates these dangers in the potential (or actual) ability of robots,
engineered organisms and nano bots to self-replicate. If these technologies go out
of control, this amplifying factor can lead to substantial damage in the physical
world, not unlike the potential of computer viruses to do harm. Worse, unlike
conventional “weapons of mass destruction,” 21st-century technologies are much
more readily available to individuals or small groups, and having knowledge alone
is sufficient to enable their deployment..
 HOW DOES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AFFECT CONTEMPORARY LIFE AND VICE
VERSA?
Technology and science work hand in hand to progress the quality of human life.
Science creation has made various discoveries and advancements that are giving us
both positive and negative effects. There are numerous points of interest and
drawbacks that science and technology can bring to humans and their world.

Science and technology simplify the way we live. Works can be carried out simpler
with high-tech machines and equipment. It's giving people less hours and our jobs can
be done faster. These days computer is each person's most valuable and well known
invention. A few might say there's nothing they can do without a computer. A few
think, it's a kind of enjoyment.
SETTING THE SCENE

To discuss that possible outcomes of intelligent life, one must have a

context that helps explain the outcomes. A passage quoted in the article
sets up scenario, assuming all human work is now done by highly
organized systems made of intelligent machines:

1. Machines are permitted to make all their own decisions.

2.Human control over the machines will be retained.

THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME?

The first scenario, the possible outcome describe by

Kaczynski is that follows:

If the machine to decide to act in a threatening way

towards the human race, there will be no defense against
the attack thus making certain the doom of the human
race.
Though we are not making the assumption that the
machines would willfully seize power, it is evident that
the fate of the human race would be in their hands
because they are doing all the labor because it is
impossible to guess the behavior of machine, the
possibility that they seize power is very real
THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME?
The second scenario, the possible outcome describe by
Kaczynski is that follows:

The human race retains power over the machines.

The few who are considered the elite take control over the
large systems of machines while the average man has his
private machines like cars.
Because the machines are doing all the work, humans will
become a useless burden on the system thus leaving the elite
with a few choices on what to do with humanity.
FINAL THOUGHTS

The concerns brought to light by Joy spin around the single

assumption that we are going create intelligent robots competent of
making choices that only people may already make. There's always a
chance that it demonstrates to be impossible for machines to reach that
level, but at that point once more human interest could be a thing of
wonder that has lead many to pursue their intellectual goals to the depths
of the universe. Therefore ,it could be a matter of time until somebody
figures out how to create an intelligent robot that can make complicated
decisions, and we won't even see it as a possible risk due to the way
technology is coordinates into the human race.
 LEARNING GUIDE 7 : SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
INFORMATION AGE

What is INFORMATION?

  Knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific

fact or circumstance.

 Facts provided or learned about something or someone.

 INFORMATION AGE
A period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century information
became effortlessly accessible through publications and through the
management of information by computers and computer networks.

 DIGITAL AGE
 NEW MEDIA AGE

 The Information Age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of
computers via telecommunications, with these information systems
operating on both a real-time and as- needed basis. Furthermore, the
primary factors driving this new age forward are convenience and user-
friendliness which, in turn, will create user dependence. (James R.
Messenger, Theory of Information Age, 1982)
 INFORMATION AGE
Human cost of information overload. • In the words of
Richard Saul Wurman (author of the book 'Information
Anxiety'), it is "produced by the ever-widening gap
between what we understand and what we think we should
understand. It is the black hole between data and
knowledge, and what happens when information doesn't
tell us what we want or need to know.“

Read more:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-
anxiety.html
 TRUTHS OF THE INFORMATION AGE
1. Information must compete
2. Newer is equated with truer
3. Selection is a viewpoint
4. The media sells what the culture buys
5. The early word gets the perm
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain
7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited.
8. Ideas are seen as controversial
9. Undead information walks ever on
10.Media presence creates the story
11. The medium selects the message
12.The whole truth is a pursuit
THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
HOW HUMAN AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE
DEVELOPMENT IN THE INFORMATION?

Computing technologies, like most other forms of

technology, are not socially neutral. They affect and
are themselves affected by society. Computers have
changed the way people relate to one another and
their living environment, as well as how humans
organize their work, their communities, and their
time.
 LEARNING GUIDE 8 : BIODERSITY AND A HEALTH SOCIETY
Biodiversity and Ecosystem 

Is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire earth. It encompasses all kinds
of life forms, fro m the single-celled organisms to the largest multi-celled
organisms.
Biodiversity is the source of the essential goods and ecological services that constitute
the source of life for all and it has direct consumptive value in food, agriculture,
medicine, and in industry. (Villaggio Globale, 2009) 
Understanding biodiversity within the concept of ecosystem needs a through study on
the relationship of the biotic, the living organisms and the abiotic, the nonliving
organisms.
Interdisciplinary approach is needed to study the ecosystem.
Biodiversity plays a major role in this natural dynamic
Therefore, we, as human inhabitants of the ecosystem, must preserve and conserve
the biodiversity of all creatures. 
Somehow, there are ways and processes in the ecosystem that are not
apparent nor appreciated by us, human beings.
Think about the need to drink clean and fresh water, the need to eat
healthy vegetables and food, or the need of man to transport
which makes him rely on fuel.
All of these are human needs that are answered and provided by our
6
Thus, if we fail to keep the process of taking care of the ecosystem, it
is us who are actually putting our lives at risk.
Significant decline in biodiversity has direct human impact when
ecosystem in its insufficiency can no longer provide the physical
as well as social need of human beings.
Indirectly, changes in the ecosystem affect livelihood, income, and on
occasion, may even cause political conflict. (WHO, n.d.).
THE ETHICS IMPLICATIONS POTENTIAL FUTURE IMPACTS
OF GMOS

Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such

organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian
Government has set up organizations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering
Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of
GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services.
The modification/usage of living organisms for public services (as food and
medicine sources, for example) has also created problems with patents
granted for the same.
There is growing public anger that certain companies are being granted patents
for products and technologies that make use of the genetic materials, plants
and other biological resources that have long been identified, developed and
used by farmers and indigenous people of a specific region/country.
 THE ETHICS IMPLICATIONS POTENTIAL FUTURE
IMPACTS OF GMOS
 Bio piracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies
and other organizations without proper authorization from the countries and people
concerned without compensatory payment.
Most of the industrialized nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and
traditional knowledge. In contrast the developing and the underdeveloped world is rich
in biodiversity and traditional knowledge related to bio-resources.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to develop modern
applications and can also be used to save
There has been growing realization of the injustice, inadequate compensation and benefit
sharing between developed and developing countries. Therefore, some nations are
developing laws to prevent such unauthorized exploitation of their bio- resources and
traditional knowledge.
The Indian Parliament has recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents
Bill, that takes such issues into consideration, including patent terms emergency
provisions and research and development initiative.

Reference Wikipedia  Research & Review papers

LEARNING GUIDE 9
 WHAT IS GMO

Are living organisms whose genetic material

has been artificially manipulated in a
laboratory through genetic engineering.
This creates combinations of plant, animal,
bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur
in nature or through traditional
crossbreeding methods.
 HOW?

By eliminating, modifying or adding copies of specific

genes often from other organisms through modern
molecular biology techniques.

Other names:
 Recombinant DNA (rDNA
 ) Genetic engineering
 Gene splicing
Food GMO’s
 Crops are modified so when farmer kill weeds with herbicides the
crops can with weeds with stand the exposure to the herbicide –
killing stand the exposure to the herbicide – killing the weeds and
not the crop.
 Although it is not as common, some types of GMOs are modified
to increase their nutrient content. Corn and soybeans are two
nutrient content. Corn and soybeans are two examples of crops
that have higher nutrient. GMO versions available.

Medicine GMO’s
 Genetically modified medicines can be produced cheaper and
easier. Some GMO's are : insulin, thyroid hormones and the
hepatitis B vaccine hormones and the hepatitis B vaccine (insulin
being the oldest).
 OTHER TYPES OF GMO’S

Plants and Crops

Microbes
Mammals
Insects •
Aquatic Life
 GMOS HISTORY
First GMO created in 1973.
After years of testing and After years of testing and research,,
GMOs were introduced to farmers introduced to farmers
In the 1990s, genetically modified foods became modified foods
became available in stores.

1978
Genentech
 Becomes the first to synthesize insulin, later they create a human
growth create a hormone which was used to grow enable dwarf
children, grow to a normal size. Genentech’s Humulin is first
consumer product developed through modern developed through
modern bioengineering.
1982
Monsanto
 Introduced a bovine used growth hormone in cows to increase milk production.
 They were among the first to genetically modify a plant cell in 1983.

1992
Calgene’s Favr Savr
 Tomato is approved for commercial production by the US department of agriculture.
This was genetically engineered to remain firm for a longer period of time. Thea longer
period of time. The FDA declares that genetically engineered foods are not engineered
foods are not dangerous and do not require special regulation..(History of genetic
engineering).
 TODAY
Soybeans
93% of soybeans planted in U.S. are
genetically modified. Soybeans are used
in products such as animal feed, pre-
packaged meals and the oil is used in
many industrial application.
Corn
86% of corn planted in the U. S. falls under
the category of a GMO. Maize is the most
widely grown grain crop in the Americas, it is
used to make high sugar substitutes such as
high fructose corn syrup, a large quantity of
processed foods contain corn and is also used
to contain corn and is also used to make
ethanol, a biofuel that is mixed the amount of
pollutants emitted the amount by motor
vehicles.
 TOMORROW
 Still in Development various products including vaccines, vitamin enrichments,
hormones that result in faster maturation and disease resistance.
 Only time can tell if the risks involved in using risks involved in using GMOs will
outweigh the benefits.
 EXAMPLE OF THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF
GM
Golden Rice
ADVANTAGE: The advantage of golden rice is that it can be used in areas where vitamin A
deficiency is common, so it can help prevent blindness.
DISADVANTAGE: There are fears that it will cross-breed with and contaminate wild rice,
there are concerns that food from GM plants might harm people.
Sweet Corn
ADVANTAGE: Corn is a good source of the antioxidants carotenoids, lutein and
zeaxanthin, which promote eye health.
DISADVANTAGE: Bad For Sensitive Digestive Systems.
Long-lasting tomatoes
ADVANTAGE: Tomatoes are the major dietary source of the antioxidant lycopene, which
has been linked to many health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.
DISADVANTAGE: Tomatoes are resistant to antibiotics
Gene Therapy
-is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease.

Gene Theory
-is the idea that genes are the basic units in which characteristics are passed from one
generation to the next.

DNA
 -is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

Cloning
- is the process of producing individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA, either
naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual
reproduction.

Gene
 -is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Gene Splicing
- is the process of chemically cutting DNA in order to add bases to the DNA strand. 
Plant Breeding
- is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. 

Genome
- is all genetic material of an organism.

Hybrid
-the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a
hybrid of a donkey and a horse).

Tissue Culture
- is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism.

Stem Culture
-Developing a STEM culture is about creating an environment for learning to flourish. ...
A STEM culture closes the opportunity gap that plagues our students and provides the
experiences necessary for every student in the classroom to bloom into a STEM skilled
citizen.