Friday, July 02

, 2021
SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit is the core of a computer system. It
is a box that holds the major components of the
computer. The system unit is known as a casing of
the computer which contains many electronic
components that process data. Many other
components like keyboard, mouse, monitor and
printer are connected to the system unit, which are
called peripherals.
It is where the actual computing operations take
place.
 THE COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT
1. Central Processing 11. Heat sink
Unit 12. Cables
2. Memory Unit 13. Ports
3. Mother board 14. Transistors &
4. Expansion slots Diodes
5. Expansion card 15. Chips
6. Power pack 16. CMOS Battery
7. Disk drives 17. Indicators
8. Memory unit
9. Cooling fan
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
This is the main component of a computer
system. It is the brain of the computer
system. The CPU is also referred to as the
processor or microprocessor. It is a single
silicon chip or semi-conductor chip that is
made up of the following components:
(a)Control Unit
(b) Arithmetic and Logical Unit(ALU)
(c)Registers
(d) System Clock
(e) Buses
 CONTROL UNIT
This is the unit that controls and coordinates
most of the operations in the computer. This is
done under the direction of program. It directs
the activities of all the other hardware units.
The control unit does not process data. It is
made up of two components, they are:
1. Decoder: it deciphers or interpretes the
instruction given to the computer.
2. Control Logic circuit: it issues control
instruction to the parts needed to process
the given instruction.
 ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL UNIT
This has two main duties. It carries out
all the required arithmetic operations
like number conversion, addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
It also performs some logical operations
like comparing two numbers to know
which is smaller. It is the ALU that
processes data in the CPU.
 COMPUTER REGISTERS
This is the internal storage located
inside the Microprocessor.
Computer instructions are normally
stored in the register and are executed
sequentially one at a time.
SYSTEM CLOCK
It allocates time to every operation perform in the
CPU. This helps to monitor the processes taking place
in the CPU. The system clock determines the speed of
the computer.
BUSES
These are the electronic pathways through which
data, address, and instructions are pass. Buses are the
tiny wires that links components on the motherboard
together. The two types of buses are:
1. system bus: it located inside the CPU
2. expansion buses: it is located on the motherboard.
 SUCCESS CRITERIA
1. List two components of the system unit
2. Which component of the CPU processes
datat?
3. List the types of buses