Microelectronic Pill

Camera

Name of Student : Nithin N

Registration Number : 18ETEC004303
Date of Presentation : 26 June 2021

Course Title : Seminar Course code : 19ECP318A 1

Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Outline
Introduction
History
Future
Architecture of OLED
Principle of Operation
Conclusion
References

2
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Introduction
Microelectronics Pill Camera is nothing but a vitamin pill-sized
camera that could travel through your body and taking pictures,
helping diagnose a problem which doctor previously would have found
.only through surgery
The miniature pill contains of a camera, along with a light, transmitter,
.and batteries, called capsule cam
Once swallowed, the capsule is propelled through the small intestine
and acquires and transmits digital images at the rate of two per second
to a sensor array attached to the patients abdomen, through a recording
.device worn on a belt stores the images, to be examined and reviewed

3
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 HISTORY
Pill Camera was invented by Gavriel Iddan in the year 2008 and it was
approved by U.S.Food And Drug Administration in 2010.
Before Pill Cameras endoscopic Ultrasound were used endoscopes are
unique because they offer ultrasound guided needle biopsy, colour
Doppler and advanced image. The technology available to doctors has
evolved dramatically over years.
Pill Camera’s Has Advanced a lot during 2010-2014 .

4
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 WORKING
Pill camera is also called as Capsule Endoscopy. The capsule
contains a camera, an LED light, a battery and a built- in
antenna. The capsule is about the size of a large vitamin pill
and it can easily swallowed. Once you swallowed it cannot be
felt as it moves through the body. Then the pill has a clear
view of the digestive track as it travels down. The antenna
transmits the images to a small recording unit that the patient
wears on their waist during the study. After completion of test
it can be safely flushed down.

5
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 6
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Components of Pill Camera

A. Optical Dome
B. Lens Holder
C. Lens
D. Illuminating LED's
E. CMOS IMAGE Sensor’s
F. Battery
G. ASIC Transmitter
H. Battery

7
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Components of Pill Camera

OPTICAL DOME: It is the front part of the capsule and it is bullet

shaped. Optical dome is the light receiving window of the capsule and
it is a non- conductor material. It prevents the filtration of digestive
fluids inside the capsule.
LENS HOLDER: This accommodates the lens. Lenses are tightly fixed
in the capsule to avoid dislocation of lens.
LENS: It is the integral component of pill camera. This lens is placed
behind the Optical Dome. The light through window falls on the lens.

8
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Components of Pill Camera
ILLUMINATING LED’S: Illuminating LEDs illuminate an object.
Non reflection coating is placed on the light receiving window to
prevent the reflection. Light irradiated from the LED’s pass through
the light receiving window.
CMOS IMAGE SENSOR: It has 140 degree field of view and detect
object as small as 0.1mm. It have high precise.
BATTERY: Battery used in the pill camera is button shaped and two in
number and silver oxide primary batteries are used. It is disposable and
harmless material.

9
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Components of Pill Camera
• TRANSMITTER: It is application specific integrated
circuit and is placed behind the batteries. Two transmitting
electrodes are connected to this transmitter and these
electrodes are electrically isolated
• ANTENNA: Parylene coated on to polyethylene or
polypropylene antennas are used. Antenna receives data
from transmitter and then sends to data recorder.

10
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Future Scope

It seems likely that capsule endoscopy will become

increasingly effective in diagnostic gastrointestinal
endoscopy. This will be attractive to patients especially for
cancer detection because capsule endoscopy is painless
Future diagnostic developments are likely to include capsule
gastroscopy, attachment to the gut wall, ultrasound imaging,
biopsy and cytology, propulsion methods and therapy
including tissue coagulation. Narrow band imaging and
immunologically or chemically targeted optical recognition

11
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
• Accurate and precise.
• High quality images.
• Simple procedure.
• High sensitivity and specificity.
• Avoids risk in sedation.
• Efficient than X-ray CT-scan, normal
endoscopy.
• Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a
PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY
MODE; So power consumption is
very less. .
Disadvantages
• It is very expensive and not
reusable.
• Capsule endoscopy does not
replace standard diagnostic
endoscopic.
• Cannot detection abnormalities.
• Cannot perform radiation
treatment associated with cancer
& chronic inflammation.

12
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Applications

• Ulcerative colitis
• Colorectal cancer
• Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular
Disorders.
• Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury
• It can be used in industries in evaluation of water
quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process
control & inspection of pipelines.
13
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Buisness and Market

Idea of electronic pills has been around for long, researchers are now
bringing this technology to reality. The Electronic Pill market is
dominated by North America and Europe owing to the rising
prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and the rapidly growing
health sector. Technologically advanced systems for early diagnosis of
gastrointestinal disorders have remarkably influenced these regions.
In 2016, the global electronic pills market was worth $779.9 million
and by 2025, it is anticipated to reach $3 billion. In the future, the
researchers are planning to make electronic pills with sensors that will
measure the patient’s heart rate and breathing rate. 

14
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Development’s in recent years.

The capsule endoscope has seen significant progress over the past 20
years, yet it still shows great potential for future improvements. One of
these potential improvements includes device maneuverability.
Enabling the guidance of the capsule throughout a patient could allow
for targeted investigations. This functionality could also open the
possibility of direct drug delivery to areas of interest. Externally
controlling the capsule endoscope may help in reducing the overall
power consumption of the device. The power saved from externally
controlling the device could then be used to improve functions such as
image collection and transmission. IntroMedic’s MiroCam® Navi
provides a sound example of this capabiliIn.troMedic’s

15
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Conclusion
Microelectronic pill widely used in advanced countries due to lack of
advantages over endoscopy. It is too effective and provide a large
number of collective form of data within a minutes. It is concluded
from various research that it is more advanced technique and most
suitable for diagnosis of the small intestine, Colon and Jejunum. The
role of the swallowable camera capsule can be understood by detecting
its action against cancer cell. The recent advanced form of swallowable
camera capsule are more effective in detecting cancerous cell from a
number of normal cells and also effective in targeted drug delivery to
destroy the cancerous cell

16
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 Thank You

17
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences
 References
• https://circuitdigest.com/article/ingestible-electronic-pills-for-real-
time-analysis-of-gastro-intestinal-tract
• https://www.slideshare.net/vaseemahamadmohammad/pill-camer
a-report?qid=e9d4466b-db12-4db2-99c1-0b4085ffc07c&v=&b=&fr
om_search=21
• “Capsule endoscopy turning up undiagnosed cases of Crohn’s
disease”. Physorg.com

18
Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©
©M.
Ramaiah
S. Ramaiah
University
University
of Applied
of Applied
Sciences
Sciences