BUILDING

CONVEYING
SYSTEMS
GROUP 11
DOMINGO, CHRISTIAN JOEL
GALAS, MICHAELLA
MENDOZA, KATHERINE
RABARA, RAYMOND
ROSARIO, JONAMYR
 ELEVATOR

01
TECH/COMPONENTS
REPORT MICHAELLA GALAS

ELEVATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS AND
DESIGN CRITERIA
JONAMYR ROSARIO 02
ESCALATORS:

03
COMPONENTS AND
ARRANGEMENTS
KATHERINE MENDOZA

WALKWAYS, RAMPS AND

SAFETY
RAYMOND RABARA 04
OTHER SYSTEMS
CHRISTIAN JOEL DOMINGO
05

BUILDING
CONVEYING
SYSTEMS
Building conveying systems
mechanically move occupants
and goods. In most buildings,
these systems include
passenger and freight elevators,
dumbwaiters, escalators,
moving ramps and walkways,
and lifts for people and
wheelchairs.
Business and industrial operations may require
specially designed material- handling equipment (i.e.,
conveyors, chutes, and pneumatic tube systems),
hoists, cranes, and scaffolding. Facilities on large sites
may have monorails and other types of people movers.
“
Building conveying systems
consume a significant fraction of
the total energy used in tall
buildings. In low-rise and midrise
buildings, elevator energy use is
lower, but still substantial.
ELEVATOR

An elevator is a conveying device used

to move people or freight vertically,
usually between floors of a building.
There are two basic types of elevator
technologies:
ELEVATORS

HYDRAULIC
ELEVATORS
Hydraulic elevators are elevators which
are powered by a piston that travels
inside a cylinder. An electric motor
pumps hydraulic oil into the cylinder to
move the piston. The piston smoothly
lifts the elevator cab. Electrical valves
control the release of the oil for a gentle
descent.
VARIATIONS OF HYDRAULIC CAR

ELEVATORS
CAR

CAR

Roped Hydraulic Elevators

Holeless Hydraulic Elevators

Holed Hydraulic Elevators

 HYDRAULIC
ELEVATORS

Holeless Hydraulic
Holed Hydraulic Elevators Elevators Roped Hydraulic Elevators
also known as the piston is mounted also known as
direct acting lift, the inside the hoist way to indirect acting lift,
elevator car is raise and lower the car extends the rise of
mounted on a the holeless
piston that travels elevator to 18
inside a cylinder. meters (60 ft),
without the need
for a belowground
cylinder.
ELEVATORS

TRACTION
ELEVATORS
Traction elevators are the most
common type of elevators. Elevator cars
are pulled up by means of rolling steel
ropes over a deeply grooved pulley,
commonly called a sheave. Steel cables,
called hoisting ropes, support the
elevator and counterweight during
normal operation. There are typically
three to eight cables for each elevator.
VARIATIONS OF TRACTION
ELEVATORS:
Geared traction elevators
Geared traction machines are driven by
AC or DC electric motors. As the name Gearless traction elevators
implies, the electric motor in this design
drives a worm-and-gear-type reduction
unit, which turns the hoisting sheave. first invented by Otis in 1913, first
While the lift rates are slower than in a installed in Woolworth Building in
typical gearless elevator, the gear New York City. This type of drive
reduction offers the advantage of system could be employed in
requiring a less powerful motor to turn buildings of any height and
the sheave. operated at much higher speeds
than steam-powered elevators.
 
TYPES AND DESIGN
SPEEDS
BASIC
ELEVATOR
COMPONENTS
 “The space enclosed by
fireproof walls and
ELEVATOR elevator doors for the
travel of one or more
COMPONENTS elevators, dumbwaiters
or material lifts. It it is an assembly of
includes the pit and an electric
terminates at the motor, brake,
underside of the and power
This is the main part overhead machinery transmission or
space floor or grating, hydraulic system
of Elevator which is
or at the underside of that supplies the
designed for enclosed the roof where the power for
transport of hoist way does not movement of a
passengers & goods penetrate the roof. car.

ELEVATOR HOIST WAY DRIVE UNIT

CAR

ELEVATOR
COMPONENTS
is a corridor mounted
signal light, nearby hall
station, indicating than an
elevator car is
approaching that landing
and the direction in which
the car is to travel.
HALL
LANTERN
Elevator doors are also meant for entry
and exit. Elevator door is of two
types: Manual doors and Automatic
doors.
Manual doors: These types of doors are
opened with the help of a person
who wants to enter the lift.
Automatic doors: Automatic doors are
the type of doors which are
automatically opened as it is
powered by a door operator and
usually have a full height photo-
electric curtain to sense the
entry/exit of persons
ELEVATOR
DOORS
has no hoist way door
openings or landings
on the lower part of a
hoist way. It allows the
elevator to service
only the upper floors
of the hoist- way. Most
building codes require
an access door every
three floors for rescue
purposes.
BLIND HOIST
WAY

ELEVATOR it is an apparatus located
COMPONENTS
it is a control panel
located outside the
elevator doorway in the
corridor that houses the
call button.
it is a panel mounted
in the car that
contains: the car
operating controls, call
at the bottom of
elevator designed to
register buttons, door
open and close, alarm
protect people.
emergency stop, key
Buffers can stop a
switches, and other
descending car by
buttons that are
accumulating or
required for operation.
dissipating the
kinetic energy of the
car.
CAR OPERATING
BUFFER STATION

HALL
STATION
 it allows cars to
return to a
ELEVATOR all cars have an
predetermined
landing in the
emergency exit, which is
COMPONENTS a removable panel.
event of a
power failure.
Removable only from the
These systems
top of the car, the
typically operate
emergency exit permits
on generator
passengers to be
– it is a speed-monitoring power.
evacuated from the
device on traction elevator during an
elevators that emergency.
triggers the safety
when the elevator EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
moves too quickly. POWER
EXIT
OPERATION

GOVERNOR
ELEVATOR is a hand- All elevators are required to
operated switch
COMPONENTS in the car push
have communication
button station connection to an outside 24 hr.
that, when emergency service, automatic
thrown to the off recall capability in a fire
position, stops emergency, and special access
the elevator and
for firefighters’ use in a fire.
prohibits its
running.  
Elevators can be placed in the
EMERGENCY fire/emergency service mode
STOP SWITCH by operating a keyed switch.
This operation mode re- moves
all cars from normal use, sends
them to a designated landing,
and permits special operation
for firefighters or emergency
personnel.
CLASSIFICATIO
NS OF
ELEVATORS

Passenger elevators are designed to carry

people and small packages. They typically
have capacities from 1500 to 5000 lb. (680
to 2300kg), in 500lb (230kg) increments.
Passenger elevators are operated by the
passenger and have attractive interior
finishes.

PASSENGER
ELEVATORS
CLASSIFICATIO
NS OF
ELEVATORS
Freight elevators are used to carry
material, goods, equipment, and vehicles,
rather than people. Freight elevators are
typically capable of carrying heavier loads
than a passenger elevator, generally from
5000 to 10 000 lb. (2300 to 4500 kg), but
can be up to 13tons/26000lb(11700kg)
weight capacity. Freight elevators may
have manually operated doors, and often
have sturdy interior finishes to prevent
damage during loading and unloading. FREIGHT
ELEVATORS
CLASSIFICATIO
NS OF
ELEVATORS
Dumb waiter is a small freight elevator
used to transport light-weight freight such
as food, laundry, books, records, and other
small items. Dumb waiters are generally
driven by a small electric motor with a
counterweight or may be hand operated
using a roped pulley. They are generally
limited to a capacity of about 750
lb(340kg).
DUMB WAITERS
CLASSIFICATIO
NS OF
ELEVATORS
Man lift is an elevator installed in a variety
of structures and locations to provide
vertical transportation of authorized
personnel and their tools and equipment
only. These elevators are typically installed
in structures such as grain elevators, radio
antennas and bridge towers, underground
facilities, dams, power plants, and similar
structures. Typically available in 300 lb.
(140kg), 500lb(230kg), 650lb (300kg) and
1000lb (467kg) capacities.
MAN LIFTS
ELEVATOR DESIGN CRITERIA
  
TABLE 24.2 STANDARD DIMENSIONS AND REACTIONS
OF PASSENGER ELEVATORS.
TABLE 24.3 RECOMMENDED CAPACITY AND DESIGN STRATEGIES
FOR PASSENGER ELEVATORS IN VARIOUS OCCUPANCIES.
RECOMMENDED PERFORMANCE OF
ELEVATORS
ESCALATOR
S

An escalator is a power-driven, continuously moving

stair- way system used for transporting people. They
can move in a linear or spiral (curved) manner. Spiral
escalators are de- signed to match the curve of a
building. They are used to move pedestrian traffic in
places where elevators would be impractical or less
efficient. Analysis typically shows that 15 to 20
elevators are needed to move the occupant capacity of
an escalator system.
BASIC
ESCALATOR
COMPONENTS
NEWEL

UPPER LANDING SKIRT MOVING HANDRAIL

BALUSTRADE
EM EMERGENCY
ERGENCY STOP STOP BUTTON
(ALTERNATE
BUTTON
STEPS
DRIVE GEAR RAIL DRIVE PLACEMENT)
MOTOR
 
STEP CHAIN LOWER LANDING

RETURNING
STEPS
(UPSIDE DOWN)
TRUSS RETURN WHEEL
BASIC
ESCALATOR
COMPONENTS
Although expensive and large, escalators are basic machines.
Escalator components are shown in Figure 24.5. The escalator drive
unit is a machine that drives the escalator. It is comprised of an
electric motor, decelerator, electromagnetic brake, V belt, sprocket,
and other components. It is powered by constant- speed AC electric
motor. The sprocket drive is comprised of wheels installed at top and
bottom (each end) to drive the steps (pallets). The top sprocket drives
the moving steps, while the bottom sprocket turns the steps. The
steps (pallets) are made from one-piece, die-cast aluminum or steel.
They serve as the moving platform on which an escalator passenger
rides. Indi- vidual steps move up or down on tracks, which keep the
topside of the steps (treads) horizontal. Steps are attached to a
continu- ously circulating belt or pallet system. The balustrade is the
side of an escalator system. It extends above the steps and in- cludes
skirt panels, interior panels, decks, and handrails.
BASIC
ESCALATOR
COMPONENTS
A moving handrail provides a handhold that riders use for balance and
safety on their ride up or down. The handrail is powered by the same
system that powers the steps. It moves along the top of the balustrade
in synchronization with the steps.

The truss is an assembly of structural steel that serves to support the

escalator load. Ends of the truss are attached to top and bottom landing
platforms. The machinery of an escalator is hidden beneath its steps
and within the truss. At the top of the escalator, housed in the truss, is
an electric motor that runs the drive gears. There are two drive gears on
either side at the top and two return gears on either side at the bottom.
These gears have chains that loop around the gears and run down each
side of the escalator. Connected to each step, these chains help the
steps make their way up, or down, the escalator.
 TABLE 24.6 BASIC DESIGN CAPACITIES OF
ESCALATORS.
       
Width (between
Size Balustrade Single-Step Capacity Applications
Panels)

       
Small 24 in (600 mm) One passenger Low-volume use, uppermost levels of
department stores, when space is limited

Medium 32 in (800 mm) One passenger and one Shopping malls, department stores, smaller
package or one piece of airports
luggage

Large 40 in (1000 mm) Two passengers Metro transit systems, larger airports, train
stations, large retail use
Escalator Arrangement

A single escalator takes passengers up one floor; that is, it travels up but there is no
downward travel. A single noncontinuous arrangement is a set of interrupted escalators,
all traveling up from floor to floor; it has no downward travel. It requires a passenger
traveling multiple floors to get off, walk a distance to the other side of the escalator
system to get on the next escalator before traveling to the next upper floor. A single
continuous arrangement is a set of up-only escalators that zigzag back and forth as they
move floor to floor; a passenger traveling multiple floors gets off one escalator, takes a
few steps, and gets on the next escalator to travel to the next upper floor. Single
escalators are energy efficient because they only travel upward, saving the energy
consumed to take passengers down- ward. They are popular in many areas of the world
but not in the United States.
Escalator Arrangement
DOWN OFF

UP DOWN

OFF UP

CRISSCROSS
Escalator Arrangement
OFF
FLOOR

UP ONLY
ELEVATORS

UP OFF

UP ONLY
ELEVATORS

UP
FLOOR

SINGLE CONTINUOUS
Escalator Arrangement
OFF
DOWN

UP AND DOWN
ELEVATORS ARE
OFF SIDE BY SIDE
UP
DOWN
FLOOR

UP AND DOWN
ELEVATORS ARE
SIDE BY SIDE
OFF
UP

CONTINUOUS PARALLEL
Escalator Arrangement
OFF
DOWN
FLOOR

UP AND DOWN
ELEVATORS ARE
SIDE BY SIDE
UP DOWN
OFF OFF

UP AND DOWN
ELEVATORS ARE
SIDE BY SIDE
OFF
UP
FLOOR

NON-CONTINUOUS PARALLEL
WALKWAYS
AND RAMPS
A moving walkway is a power-driven,
continuous, slow-moving conveyor belt
that transports people horizontally.
They are also called moving sidewalk,
moving pavement, walkalator, and
travelator. An inclined moving walkway,
also called a moving ramp or power
ramp, is a moving walkway that
transports people on an incline, up to a
12° angle of inclination. Moving walk-
ways are more accessible to those in
wheelchairs, as they are usually thought
easier to use than getting in and out of
small elevators.
PALLET
TYPE
The pallet-type walkway is a
continuous series of flat metal
plates, called pallets, that are
joined together to form a
walkway. Usually there is a
metal or rubber surface (extra
traction).
MOVING
BELT
Moving belt walkway systems are
comprised of a mesh metal or
rubber belt with a rubber
walking surface that move over
metal rollers. Once on the
walkway, riders can stand or
walk. Some riders complain
that the rollers below the belt
tend to cause a “bouncy” feel.
WALKWAYS AND
RAMPS

An inclined moving walkway.

A pallet-type walkway is a
continuous series of flat metal
plates, called pallets, that are joined
together to form a walkway.
WALKWAYS AND
RAMPS

Walkways are typically installed in pairs, with one

for each direction of travel. Walkways typically
operate at 90 to 120 fpm (27 to 37 m/min) and
are up to 500 ft (~150 m) long.
OTHER SYSTEMS

LIFTS- is a machine that is used to carry people and things to different levels in a
building. Some lifts uses a platform or compartment housed in a shaft to transport
people and goods. It has different types with different uses and purpose.

Types of accesibility lifts:

1) Vertical platform lift
2) Inclined platform lift
3) Inclined stairway chairlift
4) Emergency evacuation device
5) Portable wheelchair lift
6) Limited use/limited application elevator
Vertical platform lift- This mini-elevator
travels in a straight vertical path and
contains a one- or two-passenger cab with
42 in high walls. Its maximum travel height
is 14 ft, with up to three stops, and is
generally housed in a hoist way.
Inclined platform lift- A folding platform
with 6 in to 8 in safety walls and
wraparound safety arms that travels along
the incline of an existing stairway.
Designed for one passenger, the number of
stops and maximum travel length is limited
by practicality.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFTS

● For maximum level changes of 2.50 m, vertical movement platform lifts may be installed adjacent to
the stairs.
● For level changes of more than 1.20 m, the lift should be placed in a closed structure with doors at the
different accessible levels.
● Vertical platform lifts can have a variety of opening for entry and exit.
INCLINED PLATFORM LIFTS
● Inclined movement platform lifts consist of three elements: a railing, an electric generator and a
moving platform or seat.
● The operating system of the lift can be either lateral or suspended.
● Inclined movement platform lifts can be installed along the stair wall, as long as they do not obstruct
the required width of the exit. The seat or platform can be folded when not in use.
● The minimum width of the stairs should be 0.90 m to allow the installation of a lift.
● Platform lifts can be installed on all types of stairs including switch-back stairs i.e. those with a rotation
angle of 180 and spiral staircases.
LIFT SIZE
● The minimum width of the lift platform should be 0.90 m and the minimum length should be 1.20 m.
Inclined stairway chairlift- A one-
passenger folding seat that travels along
the incline of an existing stairway.
Emergency evacuation device-
Transportation device with rubber-tracked
wheelbase that transports persons with
disabilities down stairways and out of
buildings that may be under threat of fire,
hurricane, earthquake, or bombing.
Portable wheelchair lift- A device that Limited use/limited application
transports persons with disabilities up and elevator- Small-scale fully automatic
down stairs when a permanent lift is not elevators with shallow pits that can be
available. utilized in limited use applications.
Car Lift- specializes in the vertical rise of the car from the ground. It is installed in small
parking garages where ramps are not feasible. The platforms are raised and lowered
hydraulically and are connected to steel chain gears. In addition to the vertical motion,
the platforms can rotate about its vertical axis (up to 180°) to ease driver access and/or
accommodate building plans.

Some types of car lifts:

PEOPLE MOVERS- An automated people
mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade-
separated mass transit system. An APM system
typically serves relatively small facilities such as
airports, down- town districts, or theme parks,
but is sometimes applied to considerably more
complex automated systems. It may use
technologies such as monorail, duo-rail,
automated guideway transit, or magnetically
levitating (maglev) method. Propulsion may
involve conventional on-board electric motors,
linear motors, or cable traction.
MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENTS- encompasses a diverse range of tools, vehicles,
storage units, appliances and accessories involved in transporting, storing, controlling,
enumerating and protecting products at any stage of manufacturing, distribution
consumption or disposal.

CATEGORIES:
1) Storage and Handling Equipments- Storage equipment is used to hold materials
during times when they are not being transported. The equipment that falls under this
description is usually non-automated storage equipment. Products such as pallet racking,
shelving and carts, among others,belong to storage and handling.
SOME EQUIPMENTS UNDER MATERIAL HANDLING:

Pallet racking Stacking frames Bin shelves

2) Engineered Systems- Engineered systems cover a variety of units that work
cohesively to enable storage and transportation. They are often automated. Examples of
engineered systems are Automated Storage and Retrieval System(AS/RS), conveyor
systems, and Automatic Guided Vehicles(AGV).
3) Industrial Material Handling Trucks-  refer to the different kinds of transportation
items and vehicles used to move materials and products in materials handling. These
transportation devices can include small hand-operated trucks, pallet jacks, and various
kinds of forklifts.

SOME EQUIPMENTS UNDER THIS CATEGORY:

Forklift Pallet truck Platform truck
4)Bulk Material Handling- refers to the storing, transportation and control of materials
in loose bulk form. These materials can include food, liquid, or minerals, among others.
Generally, these pieces of equipment deal with the items in loose form, such as conveyor
belts or elevators designed to move large quantities of material, or in packaged form,
through the use of drums and hoppers.
Stackers Reclaimers
 Hoppers

Bucket elevator

Silos
PATERNOSTER- is a special type of
elevator consisting of a constantly moving
chain of boxes. A similar concept moves
only a small platform, which the rider
mounts while using a handhold and was
once seen in multistory industrial plants.
Passengers can step on or off at any floor
they like.
SAFETY

Elevators, escalators, and walkways

are potential sources of injuries and
deaths to the general public. Most
elevator accidents and deaths involve
falls into elevator shafts (including
where an elevator door opened and
there was no elevator car) and getting
caught in the elevator door or
between the elevator and door or
shaft.
SAFETY

The most frequent escalator accidents

are as a result of passenger actions:
loose clothing (including shoelaces);
fingers becoming entrapped when
people fall; children's fingers or feet
becoming caught; and footwear being
caught. Several instances of multiple
injuries were caused when an
escalator suddenly sped up or
reversed its direction of movement.
SAFETY TIPS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created

by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
SAFETY TIPS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created

by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
SAFETY TIPS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created

by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
SAFETY TIPS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created

by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
THANKS FOR LISTENING!