History of development of

Characteristics, nursing
professions
of the Nursing Profession,
,
Perspective Criteria
of nursing profession-
National, Global
ANAMIKA RAMAWAT
Rn rm, bsn, MsN Prev.
GCON,
Nursing is not just an
ART, it has a heART
Nursing is not just a
SCIENCE, it has a
conSCIENCE.
 INTRODUCTION

Nursing has its origin in the mother care of

helpless infants and must have co-existed
with this type of care from earliest times.

The word nursing is derived from the latin

word “nutrire”, meaning to “nourish”.
DEFINE
NURSING?
 HISTORY OF:
🞅CHRISTIANITY
🞅MIDDLE AGES

🞅FIFTEENTH TO NNIINNEETNTH
TEEECENTURY
ENTH
CENTURY

🞅FLORENCE NNIIGGHHTTIINNGGAALLEE
🞅THE CIVIL WAR
🞅TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. CHRISTIANITY
 Entry of women into nursing.
 Christians taught that men and women are eaqreuaelqbualefore God and appealed to
before God
istress.
carry on His work in the behalf of all who were inofdall who were in distress.

2. MIDDLE AGES(1100-1200 AD) ged, sick and poor.

 Charitable institutions were started to care for the athe aged, sick and poor.
 Nurses delivered custodial care and depended on physicians or priests for
direction.
 Nurse Midwifery flourished.
3. FIFTEENTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURY
 Crusades expanded by establishing hospitals and nursing orders.
 Formation of order of Deaconesses(a group of public health or visiting nurses).
 Sisters of Charity, founded in 1633, cared for people in hospitals, asylums and poor
houses and these sisters became widely known as visiting nurses.
 In 1809 the Sisters of Charity was introduced in America by Mother Elizabeth
Senton, later their name was changed to Daughters of Charity.

 There was little formal nursing education, nur si n g k n owledge and skills were
n u r si n g knowledge and skills were
generally passed by experienced nurses.
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE [12 May 1820 –
13 August 1910]
 Established the first nursing philosophy
based on health maintenance and
restoration in Notes of Nursing.
 In 1853 Nightingale went to Paris to study
with the Sisters of Charity and was
appointed superintendent of The English
General Hospitals in Turkey.
 During this Crimean War period she
brought about major reforms in hygiene,
sanitation and nursing practice and reduced
the mortality rate at the Barracks Hospital,
Turkey.
Founder of MODERN NURSING

LADY WITH THE LAMP

First nursing philosophy

Nursing Education

Nursing Researcher

Statistician

English Social Reformer

 Cont…
.
🞅Florence Nightingale, byname Lady with the Lamp, (born May 12, 1820,
Florence [Italy]—died August 13, 1910, London, England), British nurse,
statistician, and social reformer who was the foundational philosopher of
modern nursing.
🞅Nightingale was put in charge of nursing British and allied soldiers in Turkey
during the Crimean War. She spent many hours in the wards, and her night
rounds giving personal care to the wounded established her image as the
“Lady with the Lamp.”
 Cont
…
🞅Her efforts to formalize nursing education led her to establish the first
scientifically based nursing school—the Nightingale School of Nursing,
at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London (opened 1860).
🞅 She also was instrumental in setting up training for midwives and nurses in
workhouse infirmaries. She was the first woman awarded the Order of
Merit (1907). International Nurses Day, observed annually on May 12,
commemorates her birth and celebrates the important role of nurses in
health care.
 Clara Barton, founder of American
American Red Cross, tended soldiers
 Dorothea Leynde Dix, Mary Ann
on the battle field, cleansing the
Ball and Harriet Tubman also
wounds, meeting their basic needs and influenced nursing during Civil War.
comforting them in death.

The first African-American

 Nursing in hospitals expanded in
professional nurse was Mary
the late nineteenth century.
Mahoney.
6. TWENTIETH CENTURY & TWENTY-FIRST
CENTURY
Movement toward a scieknntiofiwc,el redsgeearacnhd-
bparsaecdcit deefined body of nursing knowledge and practice was
seen.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSION

Authority to control its own work.

Exclusive body of specialized

knowledge. Extensive period of formal

training.
Control over work performance.

Service to society.

Self-regulation.

Credentialing system to certify

competence.

Legal reinforcement of professional

standards.
Ethical practice.

Creation of a collegial subculture.

Intrinsic rewards.

Public acceptance.
🞅Intellectual --Body ofknowledge,
Specialized education, Critical
and Creative Thinking
🞅Personal
🞅Interpersonal
 CRITERIA OF
PROFESSION

🞅Bixler and Bixler Criteria for Profession

🞅Abraham Flexner’s Criteria for a Profession
🞅Kelley’s Criteria
PRESPECTIVE OF
NURSING FESSION
PPRROOFESSION
At National LLeevveell
 Stipends to the Nurses,
Nursing nursing
Staff
Midwives
students and Dais

Training of
Midwives Nurses
and
Midwives

Public Male
Dais Nurses
Health
DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING
EDUCATION IN INDIA
🞅The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife/ General Nurse Midwife
Programme
UNIVERSITY LEVEL
PROGRAMMES
🞅Basic B.Sc. Nursing
🞅Post Basic/ Post Certificate B.Sc. Nursing
POST-GRADUATION
EDUCATION
🞅M.Sc. Nursing Education
🞅M.Phil. Programme
🞅Ph.D. Programme
 AT GLOBAL
 Associate Degree Education
LEVEL
 Diploma Education
 Baccalaureate Education
 Accreditation
 Licensure
 Certification
 Master ’s Degree Preparation
 Doctoral Preparation
 Continuing and In-service Education
 Licensed Practical Nurse Education
SUMMARY
…
THANK
YOU……