CORRUPT

ION
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Presented
by: Harney Flor
Erick Cendaña
Bragas
Mitzi Estellero Mary Joy Cabil
Melanie Samsona
 INTRODUCTION
TO
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CORRUPTION
 CORRUPTION
CATEGORIES OR TYPES
- is the abuse of FORMS OF
BASED ON SECTORS
entrusted power CORRUPTION:
Related Legal
for private gain. It  GRAND CORRUPTION
Terms and Issues: Bribery
 PETTY CORRUPTION
includes GRAND,
Extortion
 SYSTEMIC
PETTY, and CORRUPTION
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Cronyism
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Bribery

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SYSTEMIC,  GOVERNMENT

Embezzlement Nepotism
CORRUPTION
POLITICAL, Government corruption
Parochialism
Extortion
GOVERNMENT, may be broken down into
Patronage
three categories:
JUDICIAL,
Transparencyand  POLITICAL
Note: corruption
POLICE
can
Influence

be defined
peddling
CORRUPTION
JUDICIAL
in many ways Graft CORRUPTION
depending how you
CORRUPTION.  POLICE
Embezzlement
understand corruption itself. CORRUPTION
 MEASURING CORRUPTION
Global
Transparency Corruption
Bribe Payers
in Corporate
Corruption Promoting
Barometer
Index
Reporting
Perceptions Index Revenue
is the best known tools Transparency
is the only world-wide
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ranks
of TI, the likelihood of
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public opinion survey
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assesses most
the widely
disclosure of
steps companies
these
used companies
from
indicator have
28
of on corruption.
focuses It
on the extractive
in place to fight corruption. industries, evaluating
leading economies
corruption worldwide. to addresses people'sand
It also looks at companies' comparing the degree of
win resources-
Firsttransparency
launched in 1995,
footprint direct experiences
revenue transparency
resources-business
it has
across 177been widely
countries: to with bribery
currently and
demonstrated by
whatabroad
credited with
extent byputting
are paying
earnings details their views
major companies and on
the issue and taxes inbribes.
specific
of corruption corruption
resource-richin the main
countries.
countries made public.
on the international institutions in their
policy agenda. countries.
 REPORTING ANTI-CORRUPTION
MEASURES

GENERAL CORRUPTION
Defence Companies
STATISTICS
Government
Anti-Corruption Index
Nearly half of workers across
Europe, the Middle East, Africa and
Defence Anti-
It India think
analyses anti-corruption and
bribery and corruption Corruption
arecompliance systems in 129
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acceptable ways to survive an

Index
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defencedownturn.
economic companiesMorearound.
than 40
percent of employees
This index at board
is the first and
global
senior manager
analysis level said
of corruption risk that
in
sales or cost establishments
defence numbers had been measures the risk
manipulated by their company.
worldwide. This index does
This included reporting revenue
of corruption in 82
not
early tomeasure corruption.
meet short-term It
financial national defense
assesses
targets, companies costs
under-reporting basedto establishments
disclosure
meet of ethics
budget targets, andand anti-
requiring
corruption
customers practices.
to buy unnecessary
around the world.
stock to meet sales targets.
 CAUSES OF CORRUPTION

I. Personal III.Institutional
Low Pay scales/ Wages
Personal greed
Lack of Strict and fast
Low awareness or
punishments
lack of courage to
denounce corrupt behavior
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Lack of Unity in public

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and situations conducive to
corruption.
Lack of transparency in
affairs and deals

II. Cultural Lack of state funding to

elections
Cultural environments that
condone corruption Lack of accountability

Encouragement of unhealthy
competition
 CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

High corruption levels severely

 Judicial System
restrict the efficiency of businesses
operating in the Philippines.  Police
Extensive bribery within the public  Public Services
administration and vague and  Land
complex laws make foreign
Administration
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companies vulnerable to extortion

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and manipulation by public officials.  Tax Administration
Favoritism and undue influence are  Customs
widespread in the courts, leading to Administration
time-consuming and unfair dispute
resolution, and to an uncertain
 Public
business environment. Corruption Procurement
plagues the customs  Natural Resources
administration, and fraud routinely  Legislation
occurs for companies when filing
import and export documentation.
 EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION

ON PEOPLE ON SOCIETY
POSITIVE
Transferring of wealth from
Disregard for
upper class to officials
lower class
Lack of quality in services
Lack of respect for
ON
Lack of ECONOMY
proper justice Reduces unemployment
rulers
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Chances of
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Lack of faith and trust
Promotion
Unemployment
Decrease in foreign on the governments
Poor Health and hygiene
investment Sustenance of life and
Aversion for joining
Delay inPollution
growth economic advantage
the posts linked to
Accidents
Lack of development corruption
Corruption is an excellent
Failure of genuine way of increasing product
research sales of a company even if it
assures low quality
 POLICY OPTIONS TO ERADICATE CORRUPTION
CREATING TRANSPARENCY
END IMPUNITY
AND OPENNESS IN
PAYING CIVIL SERVANTS WELL
ESTABLISHING  GOVERNMENT SPENDING
Empower
Whether
Citizens
INTERNATIONAL
CUTTING civilRED TAPE
servants are
Effective law enforcement is
essential
Subsidies,totax ensure the
exemptions,
appropriatelyCONVENTIONS
compensated or corrupt are punishedof
public procurement and
grosslyStrengthening
The underpaid
high correlation citizen’s
will clearly affect
between REPLACING
break
goods the
andcycle of impunity,
services, soft
motivation
the incidence and incentives.
of corruption If public
and or freedom
credits, from punishment
demand for
Because anti-corruption
in a globalized REGRESSIVE extra-budgetary
AND
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the extentsectorof wages are too low,

bureaucratic or loss.under
funds Successful
the control of
themred

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and empowering
employees economy
may find corruption
themselves to DISTORTING
enforcement
politicians—all approaches
are elementsare
tape as captured,
increasingly has a for instance,
cross-border
under pressure hold
to government
supplement their supported by aways
of the various strong in legal
incomes by
dimension, thetheDoing
in “unofficial” Business
international
ways. Van SUBSIDIES
framework,
which WITH
law enforcement
governments manage
accountable
indicators suggests is
(2001) the
a
legal framework
Rijckeghem
sustainable
for
and Weder corruption did TARGETED
branches
public and an CASH
resources.
some
control is a keyapproach
desirability
empirical ofelement
workeliminating
showing that
among as
that independent
Governmentsand effective
collect taxes,
helps many
in to needless
build
a samplethe of
optionsregulations
mutual
less trust
developed
open to TRANSFERS
court
tap system.
the capitalCivil society
markets to
while safeguarding
countries, there is an inversethe can
raisesupport
money,the process
receive with
foreign
between
governments.
relationship
citizens
This
between
framework and
the level of of
essential
has improved regulatory functions
significantly over initiatives such as
aid and develop
public sector government.
wagesthe and
state.the Transparency
mechanisms to International’s
allocate
the past decade.
incidence of corruption. Unmask the Corrupt
these resources to satisfy a
campaign.
multiplicity of needs.
 INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN
LAW ON BRIBERY AND
CORRUPTION
Examples of international
frameworks, which are ratified by
PHILIPPINE
respective LAW
member AGAINST
states
include:
GRAFT & CORRUPTION
OECD Convention on Combating
Bribery of Foreign Public Officials
Executive Order No. 268
(1997)
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Creating The National Anti-
UN Convention against Corruption
Corruption Commission And Abolishing
(2003).
The Presidential Commission
Against Graft And Corruption
The Anti-Corruption Standards and
Created Under Executive Order 151, S.
Frameworks (produced by the
1994, As Amended.
Institute of Business Ethics) provides
an overview of selected international
private sector standards seeking to
combat bribery and corruption. It sets
out the content and implementation
requirements of each standard.
FOREIGN CORRUPT
PRACTICES ACT (FCPA)
In addition, the provisions of
the US Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (FPCA) will
affect the operations of
many multinational
companies, besides those
primarily based in the US.
The FCPA established
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criminal and civil penalties
for unlawful payments or
bribes (or promises of
payments) to foreign
officials for the purpose of
obtaining or keeping
business, either directly or
indirectly or through agents,
to influence any act or
decision or to secure any
improper advantage in order
to obtain or retain business.
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CORRUPTION PERCEPTION
INDEX 2017
POLICE AND ELECTED OFFICIALS NAMED MOST
CORRUPT