NUST Balochistan Campus

Defining Futures

Lecture: 3b
Topic: Stresses on Inclined
Plane
Mechanics of Solids-II
(CE-205)
Lecturer: Taimoor Shehzad
NUST Balochistan Campus (NBC)
Cell: 0343-8035524, Email: taimoor.qureshi28@gmail.com

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Stress Notation:
Consider a free-body diagram of a box-shaped
volume element at a point 0 in a member, with
sides parallel to the (x, y , z) axes
Every face of cube has 1 normal component of
stress and 2 shear Components
Hence, associated with the concept of the state
of stress at a point 0, nine components of stress
exist.

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Stress Notation:
The nine stress components relative to
rectangular coordinate axes (x, y, z) may be
tabulated in array form as follows
x y z
x

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Stress Notation:
As:

Hence,

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Stress Notation:

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Let’s suppose we have a member having axial force applied on its both ends.
y
x

F F h
x’

The stress would be normal and is given as: y’ b

ϭ =F/A
The reference x and y plane here is normal or in other words are not inclined.

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

What if the reference plane is inclined or what if the induced stress is on inclined area.

F F

Let's assume inclined plane pq.

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Because the stresses are the same throughout the entire bar, the stresses acting over the
inclined section must be uniformly distributed, as shown in Fig.

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Resolving the force into its components:
Fn=Fcos Ø

F F
Ø

Fs= Fsin Ø

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Normal Stress on inclined plane is given as:

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Shear Stress on inclined plane is given as:

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

If A’ is the inclined area which is greater the normal x-sectional area A
A’ A’=
 

Ø
ϭØ = F/A’

Ø is the angle of that Area than the following are given as:

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Normal Stress Component
  ϭ = = cos^2 Ø = ϭx   cos^2 Ø =

Shear Stress Component

  cos Ø =
 Ƭ = cos Ø = ϭx

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Stresses on Inclined Plane:

Max Normal and Shear Stress
 •The horizontal axis gives the angle as it varies
from +90° to -90°, and the vertical axis gives
the stresses ϭx and Ƭ.
• Note that a positive angle is measured
counterclockwise from the x axis and a negative
angle is measured clockwise Graph
  of normal stress ϭN and shear stress Ƭ versus
angle of the inclined section.

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Stresses on Inclined Plane: 0.5 ϭx

Max Normal and Shear Stress

 •The maximum normal stress occurs at = 0 and
is:
ϭ(max) =ϭx
• We note that when 45°, the normal stress is one-
half the maximum value
0.5 ϭx
• The shear stress Ƭ is zero on cross sections of  Graph of normal stress ϭN and shear stress Ƭ versus
the bar ( = 0) as well as on longitudinal sections angle of the inclined section.
( = 90°).

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Stresses on Inclined Plane: 0.5 ϭx

Max Normal and Shear Stress

 • Between these extremes, the stress varies as
shown on the graph, reaching the largest
positive value when = 45°.
• These maximum shear stresses have the same
magnitude:
0.5 ϭx
Ƭ(max) =  Graph of normal stress ϭN and shear stress Ƭ versus
angle of the inclined section.

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Max Normal and Shear Stress
 Conclusion:
Thus, in this special case of an element oriented
at 45°, the normal stresses on all four faces are
the same (equal to /2) and all four shear stresses
have the maximum magnitude (equal to /2).
Also, note that the shear stresses acting on
perpendicular planes are equal in magnitude and
have directions either toward, or away from, the Normal
  and shear stresses acting on stress elements
line of intersection of the planes. oriented at = 0° and 45° for a bar in tension

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Max Normal and Shear Stress

Conclusion:
Even though the maximum shear stress in an
axially loaded bar is only one-half the maximum
normal stress, the shear stress may cause failure
if the material is much weaker in shear than in
tension

Shear failure along a 45° plane of a wood block

loaded in compression

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Shear Failure of different members:

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Shear Failure of different members:

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Problem: A prismatic bar having cross-sectional area A = 1200 mm2 is compressed by an
axial load P = 90 kN.
(a) Determine the stresses acting on an inclined section pq cut through the
bar at an angle θ = 25°.
(b) Determine the complete state of stress for θ = 25° and show the stresses
on a properly oriented stress element.

Ans:
a: ϭθ = - 61.6 MPa
Ƭ = 28.7 MPa
b: ϭ = -13.4 Mpa
Ƭ= 28.7 MPa

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