Concept of Value-Belief Pattern

unit-II

Fundamental Of Nursing II

Ashok Kumar
Prime Instituted Of Health Sciences Islamabad
 Objectives
At the end of this lecture, learners will be able to:
• Define the terms Value, Belief, and Attitude.
• Determine what is Value and where do we get it.
• Elaborate Developmental Considerations regarding Value-Belief
Pattern.
• Explain Personal and Professional Values.
• Know Values-Conflicts.
• Explore Ethical Dilemmas.
• Differentiate Empathy and Sympathy.
• Validate the concept of caring.
• Describe Hope and Hopelessness.
• Empathy, autonomy, mutuality and
• Spirituality.
 Definitions
• Value: Beliefs or attitudes about the worth of
a person, object, idea or action.
• Belief: Beliefs are the assumptions we make
about something in the world and about how
we expect things to be.
• Attitude: Feelings toward a person, object or
idea (e.g, acceptance, rejection, etc.)
 Value as a guide

• Values define what is of worth, what is

beneficial, and what is harmful
• Values are standards to guide your
action, judgments, and attitudes.
 Where do we get values from?
• Our homes and Families
• Friends, Peer group
• School,
• Society and Culture
• TV
• Religious groups
• Music
• Books

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 Attitudes
• Attitudes
Are mental positions or feeling towards a
person, object or idea.
-Attitudes lasts over time.
- Attitudes are often judged as good or
bad, positive or negative
- Attitudes vary greatly among individuals
 Personal Values

These are individualized values that are mostly

derived from society.
For Example:
• Family unity, Self-worth, worth of others,
Independence, religion, Honesty, Love, sense
of humor, Safety, Peace, Money, work, travel,
Plants, animals, etc.

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 Professional Values
Nurses professional values are acquired during
socialization into nursing from code of ethics,
nursing experiences, teachers and peers.
American Association of College of Nursing (AACN,
1998), Identified five values essential for the
professional nurse.
• Altruism (self-sacrifices)
• Autonyms (Independence)
• Human Dignity
• Integrity (reliability)
• Social Justice
 Professional ValuesCont..
• Altruism (self-sacrifices)
Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-
being of others. In professional practice, altruism
is reflected by the nurses’ concern for the
welfare of patients, other nurses and other
health care providers.
• Autonomy (Independence)
Autonomy is the right to self-determination.
Professional practice reflects autonomy when the
nurse respects patients’ right to make decisions
about their health care.
 Professional Values
• Human Dignity
Human Dignity is the respect for the worth
and uniqueness of individuals and populations.
In a Professional practice, Human Dignity is
reflected when the nurse values and respects all
patients and colleagues.
 Professional Values Cont..
• Integrity (reliability)
Integrity is acting in accordance with an
appropriate code of ethics and accepted
standards of practice. Integrity is reflected in
professional practice when the nurse is honest
and provides care based on an ethical
framework that is accepted with in profession.
 Professional Values Cont..
• Social Justice
Social Justice is upholding moral, legal and
humanistic principles. This value is reflected in
professional practice when the nurse works to
ensure equal treatment under the law and equal
access to quality health care.
 Values Conflicts
• Value conflicts are disagreements about
values.
• Examples include disputes about abortion or
euthanasia.
 Ethical Dilemmas

• A conflicted situation that seems to

have no satisfactory solution is called dilemma.
• In an ethical dilemma, a choice is to be made
between the conflicting ideals or values.
• Areas where ethical dilemmas frequently occur
are Euthanasia (active, passive) and refusal of
treatment.
 Empathy
• Empathy: Understanding another’s feelings or
perceptions, but not sharing the same feelings or
point of view.
• It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of
others.
• The ability to empathize is directly dependent on
your ability to feel your own feelings and identify
them.
• Empathy is “I feel your sadness”.
 Sympathy
• Sympathy: Understanding and sharing the
same feelings as another.
• Sympathy is “I am sorry for your sadness, I
wish to help”.
 Caring
• Caring is defined as “a nurturing way of
relating to a valued other toward whom one
feels a personal sense of commitment and
responsibility”
• The ultimate goal of nurse caring is to enable
clients to achieve well-being.
 Hope
• Hope is a belief in a positive outcome related
to events and circumstances in one's life.
 Hopelessness
A subjective state in which an individual sees
limited or no alternatives or personal choices
available and is unable to mobilize energy on
own behalf.
This state can be characterized by passivity or
decreased verbalization, decreased affect and
verbal cues such as “ I can’t and sighing”.
 Spirituality
• Spirituality can be defined as an experience
for connection to life, a way interpreting life
events, and as a source of hope, joy, comfort,
and guidance on life’s journey.
 Spiritual or religious beliefs
• Give meaning to life, illness, other crises, and death
• Contribute a sense of security for present and future
• Guide daily living habits
• Drive acceptance or rejection of others
• Furnish psychosocial support within group of like-minded
people
• Provide strength in meeting life’s crises
• Give healing strength and support
 What begets what!

• From right understanding proceeds right thought

• from right thought proceeds right speech
• from right speech proceeds right action
Lily in a Pond
 Lily Flower in pond

• The roots of the lily – our beliefs, deeply held

• The low stalk – our values, based on these
beliefs
• The high stalk – our attitudes towards the
world
• The leaf on the surface – our behavior, that
others see
 Class Activity

Identify value and belief in the given

examples.

• “I believe if I work hard(belief) I will get a

good grade(value)”.
• If I do good to others(belief) I will have good.
• If I respect others I will receive respect in
return.