4G-WIRELESS NETWORKS

PREPARED BY:
PARTH LATHIGARA(07BEC037)
KRISHNA MEVAVALA(07BEC047)

GUIDED BY:
DR D.K.KOTHARI
• Evolution of Wireless Networks:

2
REVOLU
REVOLU
TION
TION in in
Wireless
Wireless
Communic
Communic
ation
ation

First
First
impleme
impleme
nted In
nted In
1980’s
1980’s

Mobility
Mobility
In
In Tele
Tele
Commu
Commu
nication
nication

3
• Limitations:

 Subscriber Capacity
 Security
 Spectrum Utilization
 Infrastructure Changes

4
 Revolutio
Revolutio
nary
nary Step
Step
Toward
Toward
DIGITAL
DIGITAL

Implem
Implem
ented
ented in
in
1990’s
1990’s

Many
Many
advantag
advantag
es Over
es Over
1G
1G

Still
Still in
in
Market
Market

5
• Enhancement Over 1G:
Increased“capacity”
Reduced capital “cost”
Reduced Cellular “Fraud”
Improved Features
SMS
Voice & Data Transmission

6
 First
First
Impleme
Impleme
nted in
nted in
2000
2000
Provides
Provides
higher
higher
data
data
rates
rates

Offers
Offers
always-on
always-on
internet
internet
and e-mail
and e-mail

Typical
Typical
ly uses
ly uses
GPRS
GPRS

Bridge
Bridge
between
between
22 G
G&& 33
G
G

7
• Enhancement Over 2G:
High speed packet-data service(144.4kbps)

Uses existing radio spectrum

8
`

What 3G & 4G Can Do?

 Implem
Implem
ented in
ented in
2005
2005

Consisting
Consisting
of Packet
of Packet
Data
Data
Devices
Devices

Higher
Higher
Speed
Speed
than
than 2.5G
2.5G
& 2.75G
& 2.75G

Video
Video
Confer
Confer
encing
encing

Internet
Internet
Streami
Streami
ng
ng

10
• Standards:-
UMTS:
High data rate-up to 2Mbps
TD-CDMA:
Deliver information directly to users
and provide them with access to new Combination of
and innovative services &
applications. TDMA,CDMA
Provides personal communication to
mass market regardless of location, & FDMA.
network & terminal used.
Requires, 5Mhz Bandwidth
 Multi-media
 Multi-environment Supports
 Multi-operators- Virtual operators

asymmetric
11 traffic such as IP
• Enhancement Over 2.5G:
 Global Standard
 Compatibility within different networks
 High quality
 Worldwide common frequency band
 Worldwide roaming capability
 Multimedia applications
 High speed packet data rates
 2Mbps for “Fixed”
 384 Kbps for “Pedestrian”
 144 Kbps for “Vehicle”
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14
• Objectives:
 High network capacity : more simultaneous users per cell,
 A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between any two points in
the world,
 Smooth Handoff across heterogeneous network
 Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple
networks,
 High quality of service for next generation multimedia
support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video
content, mobile TV, etc),
 Interoperability with existing wireless standards.

15
• Challenges To 4G:
 To Provide lower Expenditure cost and
Capital Cost
 To Support Wide variety of spectrum band
 To Develop cost effective High
Performance Cell Site
 To Provide more ‘’Bandwidth‘’ at backhaul
portion of network
 To Support Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) application
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• Technologies:
New Base Station Technology
Advance Antenna design , integration
strategies & configuration
Novel Backhaul method
Advance DSP techniques
Solution for Multihop relay

17
 • Conceptual View 4G:

18
 Proposed Architecture of 4G:

19
 • OFDM

 Multi carrier
modulation
 Divides Band B into
N subcarrier
 Parallel bit streams
B/N Apart
 Subcarrier sum up
before Transmission
 Coding, Decoding
data through IP
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 • Smart Antennas-MIMO:
 Smartness at both
transmitter & receiver
 Employs SDMA
 Multiple parallel
channels operating
simultaneously on
same Band of freq.
 Combined with
adaptive Coding &
Decoding
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 • What is Wi-Fi?
 WirelessFidelity
 Any type of 802.11 network whether
802.11b,802.11a,802.11g,dual-band etc.
 Uses RF to transmit Data through Air

• What can you do with it?

 Quick/easy network access
 Staff access to corporate network
 Patron internet access(hotspot)
 Interconnecting two network

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23
 • What is Wi-MAX?
 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access,
 Broadband wireless access(BWA) technique
 Offers broadband connection over long distance
 Any type of 802.16 network.

What can you do with it?

 Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
 Providing data and telecommunications services.
 Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business
continuity plan.
 Providing portable connectivity.

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 Wi-MAX
 WiMAX uses is a long range
system,
 WiMAX uses licensed or
unlicensed spectrum.
 Wi-MAX is less interactive with
end user devices.
 WiMAX uses a mechanism based
on connections between the base
station and the user device.
 WiMAX runs a connection-
oriented MAC.
Comparison Of Wi-Fi & Wi-MAX
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Wi-Fi
 WiFi is limited to short range Cells
 Wi-Fi uses unlicensed spectrum to
provide access to a network.
 Wi-Fi is more popular in end user
devices.
 Wi-Fi has a QoS mechanism similar
to fixed Ethernet, where packets
can receive different priorities
based on their tags. For example
VoIP
 Wi-Fi runs on the Media Access
Control's CSMA/CA protocol.
• Conclusion:
Next Generation(4G) network is a broadband
packet network & requires Giga-bit wireless
technology of ~1Gbps capability.
Killer Application: Wireless visual
communication?
There are many interesting & Important research
topics before the born of 4G wireless systems:
◦ Gigabit wireless technology : Broadband CDMA,
Hybrid ARQ, MIMO
◦ High efficient video coding technique
◦ Multihop technique in cellular system
 THANK YOU

ARE … WE…. EVOLUTING???