Advance Eye Controlled Wheelchair for Disabled Person

INTRODUCTION

 Advanced Wheelchair for Disabled Person is a fully automated wheelchair

specially designed for people suffering from paralysis or for physically
challenged souls. Paralysis can attack people in many different ways and one
of the most dangerous type is Quadriplegia [4]. Quadriplegia is such a
condition of body where the person cannot move any of his limbs. Thus
Paralysis of all four limbs is known as Quadriplegia. Thus technically it is
impossible for people with this problem to operate the typical wheelchair
available in the market as to operate these wheelchairs available in market,
the person has to exert a great amount of physical strength to move the
wheels of the wheelchair. Lives of such people has become really difficult and
hence as an small attempt to make their life easier, this system is introduced
where the patient can use his eyes to control the wheelchair
ABSTRACT

 This project is an attempt to make lives of the people suffering from this phenomenon
simple and by simpler which will thereby reinstate their confidence and their
happiness. The idea is to create an Eye Monitored System(EMS) which allows
movement of the patient’s wheelchair depending on the eye movements. We know that
a person suffering from quadriplegia can partially move his eyes and tilt his head, thus
presenting an opportunity for detecting those movements. We have created a device
where a patient sitting on the Wheel Chair assembly looking directly at the eyeblink
sensor is able to move in a direction just by looking in that direction.
EXISTING SYSTEM

The hand gesture based system used the transfer of hand gesture information commands
to move the wheel chair.
The issues with the existing system are:
1) Unable to adapt to external conditions.
2) Less identification accuracy.
3) Classification techniques employed are complex.
 4) Time consuming and costly.
PROPOSED SYSTEM

 We have created a device where a patient sitting on the Wheel Chair assembly looking
directly at the eyeblink sensor is able to move in a direction just by looking in that
direction. According to the position of the eye, wheelchair motor will be directed to
move left, right and forward.The eyeblink sensor gives signal to the Arduino uno,
which will then guide the motors wired to the AtMega328 Microcontroller over the
Serial Interface to move in a particular direction. The system is cost effective and thus
can be used by patients spread over a large economy range.In this system we are using
RF module.RF module is used to communicate between eyeblink sensor through
Arduino controller.RF transmitter is placed at the eyeblink sensor part and RF receiver
is placed at the wheels part.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 ARDUINO UNO
 L293D MOTOR DRIVER
 LCD
 RF MODULE
 POWER SUPPLY
 DC MOTORS
SOFTWARE REQUIRMENTS

 ARDUINO IDE
 C-LANGUAGE
  
 LCD
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made
up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in
front of a light source or reflector.
 Each pixel consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules
suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two
polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are
perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystals
between them, light passing through one would be blocked by
the other.
The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one
filter to allow it to pass through the other.
A program must interact with the outside world using input
and output devices that communicate directly with a human
being. One of the most common devices attached to an
controller is an LCD display.
 FEATURES:
• The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V
• It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-
characters.
• The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
• Every character can be built with a 5×8 pixel box
• The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
• Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
• These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
• It displays a few custom generated characters
PIN DESCRIPTION
 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually

electronic, typically used in automobiles, household
appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows.
 It most commonly consists of a number of switches or
sensors connected to a control unit that determines if
and which button was pushed or a preset time has
lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the
appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a
warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent
buzzing or beeping sound.
 IR SENSOR (EYE BLINK)

 Technically known as "infrared radiation", infrared

light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum located
just below the red portion of normal visible light – the
opposite end to ultraviolet.
Although invisible, infrared follows the same
principles as regular light and can be reflected or pass
through transparent objects, such as glass. Infrared
remote controls use this invisible light as a form of
communications between themselves and home
theater equipment, all of which have infrared
receivers positioned on the front.
FEATURES:
• Wave length is 940 nm
• Chip material =GaAs with
AlGaAs window
• Package type: T-1 3/4 (5mm
lens diameter)
• Matched Photo sensor:
QSD122/123/124 • Medium
Emission Angle, 40°
• High Output Power
• Package material and color:
Clear, untainted, plastic
• Ideal for remote control
applications
 MOTOR
DRIVERS(L293,L293D)
The L293 and L293D are quadruple high-current half-H
drivers. The L293 is designed to provide bidirectional
drive currents of up to 1 A at voltages from 4.5 V to 36
V.
The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive
currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V.
Both devices are designed to drive inductive loads such
as relays, solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors, as
well as other high-current/high-voltage loads in positive-
supply applications.
 DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical

machines that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide
range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field
windings.
Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances.
AURDINO CONTROLLER
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does
not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it
features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter
SPECIFICATIONS
Microcontroller : ATmega328
Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins : 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin :40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin :50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by
bootloader
 SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
POWER SUPPLY
All digital circuits require regulated power supply.
In this article we are going to learn how to get a
regulated positive supply from the mains supply.
RF MODULE
 An RF module is a small electronic circuit used to transmit and receive radio signals.
 RF modules are most often used in medium and low volume products for consumer
applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, smart sensor
applications, and wireless home automation systems.
 They are sometimes used to replace older infra-red communication designs as they have
the advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation.
 Several carrier frequencies are commonly used in commercially-available RF modules,
including 433.92 MHz, 315 MHz, 868 MHz and 915 MHz .
 RF module has Transmitter and Receiver modules.
RF TRANSMITTER
 433.92 MHz Frequency
 Low Cost
 1.5-12V operation
 11mA current consumption at 3V
 Small size
 4 dBm output power at 3V
RF RECIEVER

 Low Cost

 5V operation

 No External Parts are required

 Receiver Frequency: 433.92 MHZ

 IF Frequency: 1MHz