Lecture No-03

Course PCB Manufacturing IE-236

&
Electronic simulation and PCB
Manufacturing (Repeaters only)

Course Incharge: Engr: Ghulam Mustafa Rind

 Double Sided PCB Boards

• Double sided PCBs are quite similar to single sided PCBs, except that they have two sided
copper layer traces inset with a top and bottom.

• These boards can mount conductive copper and components on both sides of the circuit
board, which allows the traces to cross over each other.
.
• This results in a higher density of circuits without the need of point-to-point soldering.

• As these types of circuit boards are more complex than single sided PCBs, it can be more
difficult to produce.

• However, the benefits of using double sided PCBs far outweigh the cons.
Double sided PCB:

• Double sided PCB’s are those in which both sides are available for soldering and only one side for inserting the
component. It is a thin board in which on which copper is laminated on
 Printed Circuit Boards
• Terminology

“PCB” = Printed Circuit Board (i.e., a “board”)

“PWB” = Printed Wiring Board (same as PCB)
“PCA” = PCB Assembly, a PCB that is loaded with components
“Fab” = the process of creating the PCB
“Load” = the process of attaching the components to the PCB
Double sided PCB Simulation Result
Top & Bottom Routing
AST/ASB
Through Hole Technology (PTH/Non PTH)

• Earlier PCBs were made by using through hole technology where electronic components were mounted with
leads inserted through hole and were soldered on the other side of the board.
• With passage of time, boards can be single sided or more advanced double sided with components placed
on both side of the boards.
• Through hole parts can be mounted horizontally with two leads that are bend at 90 degree.
Double Side PTH and NON-PTH PCB: Double Sided PCB are used to mechanically support and electrical,
electronics components to reduce the area of the board.
Single sided and Double sided PCB Connection
Single sided Component Mounting & soldering Process
Double sided Component Mounted & soldering
process
 Surface Mount Technology SMD;S
• Surface mount technology was established in 1960s and became commonly used in 1990s.
• Instead of using wire leads to pass through the hole, components came with small end caps that were
soldered into the PCB surface.
• Placement of components on both sides of the PCB was the common choice than through hole
technology, providing a much larger circuit density with relative smaller PCB assembly.
• Surface mount components are ten times smaller than through hole components, making them an ideal
choice for most of the applications.
• Surface mounted devices have a leg over through hole devices because their cost is low and compact
design
 The CORE
The base element to a PCB is called the “CORE”

- this typically consists of two sheets of thin copper laminated (or glued) to an insulating material.

- the insulator is commonly call the “Substrate” or the “Laminate”

- this construction is also called a “Copper Clad” insulator

- COREs come in large sheets which are typically ~18” x 24”

 PCB: Vias
• Vias (Drilling)

- A via is a structure that electrically connects two different layers of copper in a PCB.
- The first step in creating a via is to drill a hole where the contact will be made.
- 1) A mechanical process (i.e., a regular drill bit). This is currently the most common approach.
Or 2) A laser (for very small holes)
• The “via” is also called a “Plated Through Hole
Vias (Electroless Plating
Electroplating is where the metal source is ionized and drawn to the target using an electric field.

“Electroless Plating” uses a chemical reaction to release hydrogen from the target in order to create a
negative charge and attract the plating metal to its surface.
 Step of Double sided PCB .
Drilling
we now drill through holes where vias are going to be located.
we now put the board through an Electroless plating process which deposits copper inside
of the via drill holes.
Material Selection Drilling
Board Electroless Plating of Vias Photomask
Step of Double sided PCB .
• Step 1 – Photo mask:
•
we create our design layout in a Poteus/CAD tool (i.e., Mentor PADS) which generates files to create a photo mask

Step 2 – Material Selection Double sided.

we now select a core that meets our application needs this core will be used to create PCB.

Step 3 – Drilling
we now drill through holes where vias are going to be located.

Step 4 – Electroless Plating of Vias

we now put the board through an Electroless plating process which deposits copper inside of the via drill holes.
 Step of Double sided PCB

Step 5 – Apply Pattern

we now transfer the pattern from our photo mask to the core by applying photosensitive film exposed (photo resist film method)
Step 6 – Pattern Plating:
copper patterns on the outer sides of the board, safe proses Board undergoes an additional electrochemical plating on the surface
to protect the copper ensuing for etching.
Step 7 – Strip & Etching.
- we now strip the photo resist layer off of the core exposing the unwanted copper. An etch is performed which removes all of the
unwanted copper. the copper circuitry is protected by the tinning and remains after the etch.

Step 8 – Solder mask

- an insulating layer of solder mask is applied to the core. The solder mask covers all of the conductors with the exception of any
pads that are to be used to connect to components. this layer provides protection against inadvertent shorting of the conductors.
 Step of Double sided PCB
• Step 9 – Surface Finish
The tracks and pads that are visible through the solder mask. Mount the components easily in board.
• Insert in order to the components in pads , then easily soldered to (i.e., Solder, Gold, or Silver)

• Step 10 – Silk Screen

Now the board is using a silk screen material. It is important for:
- board identification ,- component locators , component orientations

Step 11 – De-Panelization

Typically, multiple images of the same PCB are put on one panel for processing.
Some automated loading processes can load the boards while still panelized.
 Application of Double Sided PCBs.
• Double sided circuit boards are one of the most popular types of PCBs as they enable manufacturers to produce more complex
circuits, which can benefit uses in higher technology applications and electronics.
• There are many applications in electronics which double sided PCBs can be used in Aero space, military used instruments,
Computer, TV, Mobile system including: lighting systems, vending machines, amplifiers, car dashboards, and many more.

• Benefits of Double Sided PCBs

• Double sided PCBs are a widely used component for various applications as it enables more flexibility in the design and more
complex circuits. Here are a few advantages of double sided boards:
• The main benefit of double sided boards is that you have an extra layer to add more components, which effectively increases the
density of the circuit.
• With more space available of the circuit board, this increases the flexibility of the design, enabling you to place more components
and have more extra connections if needed.
• Double sided circuit boards tend to use more complex circuitry as there is more space. This means that these boards are perfect for
advanced electronics or demanding applications.

• Being able to use both sides of the circuit board effectively reduces the size of the board needed. This can be a great cost-saving
which makes double sided PCBs less expensive.
 
THE END