GROUP HEALTH

EDUCATION
ON
PREVENTION OF
CERVICAL CANCER
PRESENTED BY-
DEEPSHIKHA
DEVISMITA SHUKLA
DOLEE SHAKYA
EKTA
INTRODUTION

 Cervical cancer is the third most common cases in women

world wide cervical cancer is a disease that develop quiet
slowly and beings with a precancerous condition known as
dysplasia. Dysplasia is easily detected in routine pap
smear and is completely treatable cervical cancer is
malignant tumor deriving from cells of the cervix.
DEFINITION

 Cervical cancer is malignant tumor deriving from cells of

the ‘cervix uteri’ which is the lower part the ‘neck’ of the
womb , the female reproductive organ.
cancer in the cervix of the uterus is called cervical
cancer.
CAUSES

 HPV
 Smoking
 Immune deficiency
 Gene abnormality
 High no. of pregnancy
 Contraceptive pills
 Multiple sexual partners.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Sexual activity

Entry of HPV

Virus enters in the basal layer of cervix

HPV infection the basal cells

Damage the genetic material of the cells

ell become precancerous

Damage cells continue to multiply

Invasion to the near by virus

Cervical cancer
TYPES OF CERVICAL CANCER

1. Squamous cell carcinomas

 Cancer is flat epithelial cell
 80% to 90%
2. Adeno carcinoma
 Cancer arising from glandular epithelium
 10% TO 20%
3. Mixed carcinoma
 Features both types
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

 Vaginal bleeding
 Menstrual bleeding is longer and heavier
 Bleeding after menopause or increased vaginal discharge
 Discomfort white urinating
 Pelvic pain
 Leg pain
 Weight loss
 Constant fatigue
STAGES OF CERVICAL CANCER

 STAGE 1- Cancer is confined to the cervix.

 STAGE 2- Cancer at this stages includes the cervix and uterus but hasn’t
spread to the pelvic wall or the lower portion of the vagina.
 STAGE 3- Cancer at this stage moved beyond the cervix and uterus to the
pelvic wall on the lower portion of the vagina.
 STAGE 4- At this stage, Cancer has spread to nearly organs, such as the
bladder or rectum or it has spread to other areas of the body, Such as the
lungs, liver or bones.
DIAGNOSIS

1- CERVICAL CYTOLOGY(PAP TEST)

 Cells are removed from the cervix and examined under the microscope.
 Can detect the epithelial cell abnormalities.
2- COLPOSCOPY
 Cervix is viewed through a Colposcope and surface of cervix can be seen close
and clear.
3- CERVICAL BIOPSIES
I. Colposcopic biopsy- Removal of small section of the abnormal area of
the surface.
II. Endocervical curettage- Removing some tissue lining from the
endocervical canal.
III. Cone biopsy- Cone shaped piece of tissue is removed from the cervix.
4-CT SCAN- To determine the extent of tumor.
5- MRI
6- PELVIC ULTRASOUND
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1- CHEMOTHERAPY-:
Chemotherapy is the use of chemical(medication)
to destroy cancer cells. Cytotoxic medication prevents cancer cells for dividing
and growing.
2- RADIOTHERAPY-:
Radiotherapy is also known as radiation therapy Radiotherapy works by
damaging the DNA inside the tumor cells, destroying their ability to
reproduce.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

1- Laser surgery-: A narrow beam of intense light destroys cancerous and

precancerous cells.
2- Leep(loop electrosurgical excision procedure)-: Which has an electric current
cuts through tissue removing cells from the mouth of the cervix.
3- Cryosurgery
4- Hysterectomy
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Avoidance of early marriages.

 Avoid early and frequent intercourse.
 Strictly avoid monogamous relationships.
 Restriction of number of children.
 Improvement of genital hygiene.
 Periodically clinical cytological.
 Screening
 Good obstetric care
 Avoid smoking
 No harm in pregnancies
VACCINATION

 HPV vaccine
NURSING MANAGEMENT

 Listen to the patients fear and concerns and after reassurance when
appropriate.
 Encourage patient to use relaxation technique to promote comfort during
diagnostic procedure.
 Monitor the patient response to the therapy.
 Watch for complications related therapy by listening to and observing the
patient.
 Monitor the lab studies and obtain frequent vital signs.
 Understand the treatment regimen.
CONT…

 Give adequate fluid and nutrition intake to promote tissue healing.

 Explain any surgical procedure or therapeutic procedure to the patient
including what to expect both before and after procedure.
 Review the possible complication of any procedure to be done.
SUMMARY

 Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death.

 Pre cancer stage is easily detected by screening.
 Pre cancer stage is completely curable and so prevent cancer form occurring.
 HPV vaccine available to prevent the majority of cancer.
CONCLUSION

 More importantly, all attempts should be made to prevent the occurrence of

the disease in the first place ,
 By screening for precancerous lessions &
 Effectively treating them , by methods which are very safe simple and easy.
 Those women seved from the ravages of cervical cancer shall call their
physicians blassed.