INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO
TO
DIFFERENTIATION
DIFFERENTIATION

1
 DEFINITION
The derivative of a function f
is the function f ’ whose value
at x is :

f ( x  h)  f ( x )
f '( x)  lim
h 0 h
provided the limit exists.
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 IMPORTANT IDEA

There are many f '( x)

ways to denote the
derivative of a
function.
dy
You need to be dx
familiar with all of
them. d 2
t  2
dt  
3
 IMPORTANT IDEA

There are differentiation rules

that allow a shorter, easier way to
find derivatives. You will need to
memorize these rules.

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DIFFERENTIATION RULES
1.Constant Rule

d
[c ]  o
dx
The derivative of a constant function is 0.
There is no rate of change.
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 EXAMPLE 1
Find the derivative, if it exists :
d
a.) (3)  ?
dx
Solution :

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b) Differentiate y = -2 with respect to x

Solution : step-by-step

Solution : Another way to write answer

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c) Find the derivative of

Solution :

d) Find the derivative of f ( x)  e 2

Solution :

8
e) Find the derivative of f (t )  m 2

where m is a constant
Solution :

f) Find the derivative of s (t )  ln 34

Solution :

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DIFFERENTIATION RULES
2. Power Rule : (3 steps)

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 EXAMPLE 2
Find the derivative, if it exists :

a) y  x d ) f ( x)  m 2

1
b) f  x   x 7
e) f  x   5
x
c ) f ( m)  m 2

f ) f ( x)  x
3 2

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 Power Rule
a. y  x 1

Solution :

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 Power Rule

b. f  x   x 7

Solution :

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c. f  m   m 2
d. f  x  m
2

Solution : Solution :

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d. f  x  m
2

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 1
e) y 5
x
Solution :

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Solution : continue………..

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 f) y x 5 3

a
Solution : rewrite use b
x x
a b

Given: y x
5 3

3
Rewrite : yx 5

3
dy 3 1
 x 5
dx 5 18
Solution : continue………..
2
3 
 x 5
5
3 Change to power of
 2 positive

5x 5
Change to root form
3

5 2
5 x 19
 DIFFERENTIATION RULES
3. Constant Multiple Rule
Take out coefficient

d
dx
n
 
ax  a  x 
d n
dx
n 1
 a.nx
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EXAMPLE 3 : Find the derivative of
y  6x 3

Solution : Step-by-step by using

d
dx
 
ax  a.nx
n n 1

Rewrite

dy

dx dx
d
6x  6
3 d 3
dx
 
x  
differentiate
Take out coefficient

31
 6(3x )  18 x 2
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EXAMPLE 3 : Find the derivative of
y  6x 3

Solution : (simple way to write answer)

y  6x 3
3
Copy coefficient Differentiate x
dy 31
6 (3 x )
dx
 18x 2
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 5
3x
EXAMPLE 4 : Find the derivative of y
2
Solution : Step-by-step by using d
dx
 
ax n  a.nx n 1
Rewrite

dy d  3x 5  3 d 5
   
dx dx  2  2 dx
x  
differentiate

Take out
coefficient
3 15 x 4
 (5 x ) 
51

2 2
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EXAMPLE 5: Find the derivative of 3
y 5
2x
Solution : Step-by-step by using d
dx
 
ax n  ax n 1

Rewrite
Rewrite
dy d  3  3 d  1 
  5   5
dx dx  2 x  2 dx  x 
Take out
coefficient 
2 dx

3 d 5
x 
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Solution : continue……….


2 dx
 
3 d 5
x
differentiate

3

  5x
2
51

15
x 6

2 Change to
power of
positive
15
 6
2x 25
EXAMPLE 6: Find the derivative of linear
function y = 5x
Solution : Step-by step

Solution : By using short-cut d

formula for linear function  ax   a
dx

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 x
Example 7 : Find the derivative of y
2
Solution : Step-by step

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 d
Solution : By using short-cut
formula for linear function
 ax   a
dx
x
Given : y
2

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 4. Sum or Difference Rule

d d
 f ( x)  g ( x)   f (x)  dx  g (x)
d
dx dx
The derivative of the sum or difference is
the sum or difference of the derivatives.

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 Example 8 : Differentiate the following function
4
x
y  5  2x  x 
2
Solution : Cannot differentiate directly, so must rewrite

4
x
Given y  5  2x  x 
2
rewrite

1 4
y  5  2x  x 12
 x
2 30
 Solution : continue…….
Basic rules
1 4
Given y  5  2x  x 12
 x d
1. (C )  0
differentiate
2 dx
d
dy 0  2  1 x  1 2  1  1  4 x 41  2. (ax)  a
 dx
dx 2 2 d n
3. ( x )  nx n 1
dy 1 1 2 1 dx
 2  x  (4 x ) 3
d
dx 2 2 4. (ax )  anx
n n 1

dx
1
 2   2x 3

2 x 31
DERIVATIVES OF THE
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS

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 STANDARD FORM GENERAL FORM

d d
 sin x   cos x  sin f ( x )   cos f ( x )f ' ( x )
dx dx
d d
 cos x    sin x  cos f ( x )    sin f ( x )f ' ( x )
dx dx
d d
 tan x   sec 2 x  tan f ( x )   sec 2 f ( x ).f ' ( x )
dx dx
d d
 csc x    csc x cot x dx  csc f ( x )    csc f ( x ) cot f ( x ).f ' ( x )
dx
d d
 sec x   sec x tan x dx  sec f ( x )   sec f ( x ) tan f ( x ).f ' ( x )
dx
d
d
 cot x    csc 2 x  cot f ( x )    csc 2 f ( x ).f ' ( x )
dx dx

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 General Form (2 steps)
step 1 step 2
d      
 sin f ( x)  cos f ( x) f ' ( x)
dx
step 1 step 2
d      
 cos f ( x)   sin f ( x) f ' ( x)
dx
step 1 step 2
d       
 tan f ( x)  sec 2 f ( x) f ' ( x)
dx
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Example 9: Find the derivative of
y  sin 4 x
Solution :
y  sin 4 x Use formula
  step1
   step
 2
d
 sin f ( x)  cos f ( x). f ' ( x)
   step 1
step 2 dx
dy 
 cos 4 x (4)
dx

 4 cos 4 x
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  x
Example 10 : Find the derivative of y  6 cos 
3
Solution :

 x
y  6 cos  Use formula
3 d   step 1
   step
 2
Copy  cos f ( x)   sin f ( x). f ' ( x)
coefficient dx
  step
 1  step 2
dy   x  1
6  sin  3   
dx     3
Simplify
 x
 2 sin   answer

3 36
DERIVATIVES OF THE
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

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STANDARD GENERAL FORM
FORM

d x d f ( x)
e e x
e e f ( x)
. f ' ( x)
dx dx

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 GENERAL FORM (2 steps)

step 1  step
 2
d
e f ( x)
e f ( x)
. f ' ( x)
dx

3 x
Example 11 : ye
Differentiate the power
Copy exponential function

dy step 1 step 2
 3 x 3 x
dx e (3)  3e
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EXAMPLE 12 : Find the derivative of 1
y 2 5 x
1 e
y
Solution : Given e 2 5 x

 ( 2 5 x )
Rewrite ye
2 5 x
ye Differentiate the power
Copy exponential function

dy     step
step 1
 2

  25 x 2  5 x
dx e (0  5)  5e
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DERIVATIVES OF THE
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS

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STANDARD GENERAL FORM
FORM
d 1 d f ' ( x)
ln x  ln f  x  
dx x dx f ( x)

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 GENERAL FORM (2 steps)

d f ' ( x)
ln f  x  
Step 2 :Differentiate f(x)

dx f ( x) Step 1:Copy f(x)

Example 13 : Differentiate y  ln(5  3 x)

dy 03 Step 2 :Differentiate f(x)

dx (5  3 x) Step 1:Copy f(x)

3

5  3x
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 EXAMPLE 14 : Find the derivative of
y  ln  cos 2 x 
dy  sin(2 x).2 Step 2 :Differentiate f(x)
Solution : 
dx (cos 2 x) Step 1:Copy f(x)

 sin 2 x 
 2  
 cos 2 x  By trigonometric

 2 tan 2 x identity

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 Conclusion : Differentiation Rules

1. Constant Rule 3. Power Rule

d d n
(C )  0 ( x )  nx n 1
dx dx

2. Linear function 4. Constant Multiple Rule

d d
(ax)  a (ax )  anx
n n 1
dx dx

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5. Trigonometric Function 6.Exponential Function
step1 step 2
d      
 sin f ( x)  cos f ( x). f ' ( x) step1  step
 2
dx
step1 step 2 dx

d f ( x)
e   e . f ' ( x)
f ( x)

d       
 cos f ( x)   sin f ( x). f ' ( x)
dx
7.Logarithmic Function
  step
 1  step
 2
d
 tan f ( x)  sec 2 f ( x). f ' ( x) d f ' ( x)
dx ln f  x  
dx f ( x)

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