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Seminar 1
Seminar 1
Seminar 1
01 02 03 04
Introduction Materials Results Discussion
and
Methods
INTRODUCTION
● Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
● Intrinsic autoregulation
https://byjus.com/biology/cardiac-output
INTRODUCTION
● ‘Venocentric’ approach
● Beta-adrenergic stimulation
https://byjus.com/biology/cardiac-output
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
Experimental animals Composition of the Ringer’s solution
● 12 male yellow anacondas (in mmol 1-1)
● Noradrenaline
○ Increased heart rate to the same frequency (A)
○ Maintained stroke volume (C)
○ Increased cardiac output (D)
Fig. 1. Cardiac performance during control conditions and at elevated heart rates
achieved by electrical pacing and adrenergic stimulation in perfused anaconda hearts.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In vitro
● Force-Frequency Trials
○ Increased force of contraction (A, B)
○ Increased rates of contraction (C, D)
○ Increased rates of relaxation (E, F)