WACHEMO UNIVERSTY

COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT

ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN

Group assignment

Group members Id no.

1. Tsinat Shimels ` 6581
2. Redela
3. Zelalem Adamu
4. Abubale
5. Durity Ayele
6. Kalkidan Amare
 Contents
1. Space and function

2. Framed structure

3. Shale structure

4. Dome structure

5. Building systems analysis

 Space & Function
Space encompasses the volume of a structural, the
parts of a building we move through and experience.
But space can only be created through the use of form.
•Space is an area or volume in which events takes
place or which accommodate a person or thing(place).
•It is one of the elements of design of architecture.
 Function
 Function refers to the purpose of a building or structure. It can also relate to the
proper operation, process or performance of something and how it works, such
as plant, tools, lift, building services.

• Every building is designed to give services

 Hotel – where you recreate

 School – where you learn

 House – where you live

 Church – where you practice your religion

 Frame structure

 A framed structure in any material is one that is made stable by a

skeleton that is able to stand by itself as a rigid structure without
depending on floors or walls to resist deformation.
 Advantages of framed structure

• One of the best advantage of frame structure is their ease in construction. It is

very easy to teach the labor at the construction site.

• Frame structures can be constructed rapidly.

• Optimum use of floor space.

• Framed structures have economical designs.

 Continuing…

 Dis advantages of framed structure

• Frames are flexible structure and lateral deflections control the design
process for buildings with out greater than 4 stories.

• In frame structure, span length are usually restricted to 40ft

 Shell structure
 Shell structure, in building construction, a thin, curved plate structure shaped
to transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and shear stresses that act
in the plane of the surface.

 They are usually constructed of concrete reinforced with steel mesh (see
shotcrete).
 Continuing…
Advantage of shell structure

• The curved shapes often used for concrete shells are naturally strong structure.

• Shell allowing wide areas to be spanned without the use of internal supports, giving an open,
unobstructed interior.

• The use of concrete as a building material reduces both materials cost and the construction cost.

• As concrete is relatively inexpensive and easily cast into compound curves.

 Disadvantages of shell structure

• Since concrete is porous material, concrete domes often have issues with sealing. If not treated,
rainwater can seep through the roof and leak into the interior of the building.

• Construction of concrete domes prevents air from escaping, and can lead to buildup of condensation
on the inside of the shell.
 Dome structure

• Dome is hemispherical structure evolved from the arch, usually forming a

ceiling or roof.

• Domes first appeared as solid mounds and in techniques adaptable only to

the smallest buildings, such as round hunts and tombs.
 Continuing…

 Advantages of dome structure

• Domes are extremely durable and strong.

• Fire, water and wind resistant.

• Durability

• Allow to take wide open space of building

 Dis advantages of framed structure

• Poor ventilation

• Permit and property value

• Fitting windows and door

Building Systems Analysis

 Building Systems Analysis

A process that measures how a building’s performance compares to the
specified design. This includes how the mechanical system operates and how
much energy a building uses.
Other aspects of this analysis include, Potential Value it,
• Ensure building is operating to specified design and sustainable standards
• Identify opportunities to modify system operations to improve performance
• Create a “what if” scenario and change different materials throughout the
building to show better or worse performance conditions
END