PRE FABRICATION

PREFABRICATION: The practice of assembling structural

components in a factory/other manufacturing site and
transporting complete assemblies/subassemblies to the
construction site where the structure is to be erected.

INTRODUCTION
• The concept of precast structures also known as prefabricated
structures.
• The structural components are standardized and produced in plants
• Then transported to the site for assembly.
• Assembled and installed at site
• Code used for Pre-Fabrication is: IS 15916(2011)- BUILDING DESIGN
AND ERECTION USING PREFABRICATED CONCRETE
 COMPARISON
Site-cast
• No transportation
• The size limitation is
depending on the elevation
capacity only
• Lower quality because directly
affected by weather
• Proper, large free space
required
Precast at plant
• Transportation and elevation
capacity limits the size-
• Higher, industrialized quality
– less affected by weather
• No space requirement on the
site for fabrication
• Unlimited opportunities of
architectural appearance
• Option of standardized
components
• Cleanliness of site
Advantage:
• Self supporting Readymade components
• Does not need formwork, shuttering, and
scaffolding.
• Construction time is reduced.
• Quality control is easy.
• Time exposed in Bad weather and hazardous is
minimized.
• Less wastage -or wastage / scrap can be recycled.
• On site congestion can be minimized.
• Moulds can be reused.
Dis-advantage
• Very Skilled crew
• Careful handling of components
• Leakages at joints
• Heavy duty cranes and precision measurement
to place in position
• Very costly when the factory is very far away
from the site.
Limitation
• Uneconomical for smaller projects
• Transportation difficulties
• Difficulties in transportation of very large
components
• Safety of Crane and other support system has to
carefully considered.
PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast slabs

Precast Beam & Girders

Precast Columns
Precast Walls
Precast stairs

Steel plates supported on 2 steel

Precast concrete Stairs
beams
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Accuracy of final positioning

• Loads
• Transportation requirements
• Storing requirements
• Lifting loads
• Vulnerable points (e.g. edges, round edges, corners)
TYPES OF PRE CAST SYSTEM

1. Large-panel systems
2. Frame systems
3. Lift - Slab systems
1. LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS

• Box-like structure.
• Both vertical and horizontal
elements are load-bearing.
• One-story high wall panels

• One-way or two way slabs.

2. FRAME SYSTEMS

• Components are usually

linear elements.
• The beams are seated on
corbels of the pillars usually
with hinged-joints
• Joints are filled with concrete
at the site.
3.LIFT-SLAB SYSTEMS
• Partially precast in plant
• One or more storey high pillars
(max 5).
• Up to 30 storey high
constructions.
• Special designed joints
• Slabs are casted on the ground –
then lifted with cranes
EQUIPMENTS
Cranes:
• Mobile crane
• Tower crane

Lifting tools:
• Spreader beams
• Wire rope slings

Rigging tools:

• Shakles
• Hooks
ASSEMBLING
Column to column connection
Beam to column connection
Beam-slab joints
Wall to slab connection

Precast concrete structure consisting of

solid wall panels and hollow core slabs.
THANK YOU!
Underwater Concreting
Cont...

• Before concreting air and water must be excluded

keeping the pipe full of concrete all the time.

• For this the funnel and the pipe should have equal
capacity.

• Firstly plug is inserted in the pipe with pressure of fresh

concrete so that the air is displaced.

• Normal Temp should be between 16 to 38 Degree

Celcius.
Bucket placing method
The buckets are usually fitted with
drop-bottom or bottom-roller gates
which open freely outward when
tripped.

The bucket is fully filled along with

concrete and its top covered along
with a canvas cloth or a gunny bag to
avoid the disturbance of concrete as
the bucket is lowered within water.
Placing in Bags In this method, properly
concrete filled bags are
lowered into water and
placed carefully in a header
and stretcher fashion as in
brick masonry with the help
of divers.

. A work is slow and

laborious, as the accurate
positioning of the bags in
place can be only
accomplished by the divers.

The bags and labour

necessary to fill and tie
them are relatively
expensive. This method is
only suited for placing the
concrete in shallow water.