Single Phase Induction Motor

Construction
 Stator:
As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. A single phase AC supply
is given to the stator of single phase induction motor.

 Rotor:
The rotor is a rotating part of an induction motor. The rotor connects the mechanical load
through the shaft. The rotor in the single-phase induction motor is of squirrel cage rotor type.

 The construction of single phase induction motor is almost similar to the squirrel cage
three-phase induction motor. But in case of a single phase induction motor, the stator has two
windings instead of one three-phase winding in three phase induction motor.
 Conditions for Producing Rotating Magnetic
Field
 Mandatory Condition : Number of Phases Should be 2
or more.
 Condition For 2 Phases
 Condition 1 : It should have 2 windings space displaced by
an angle of 90°.
 Condition 2 : The currents flowing through them should be
phase displaced by 90°.

 But our machine is a single phase i.e. it has single

winding only. Therefore no RMF is generated and hence
it won’t rotate.
To Generate RMF

 We include an additional winding called Auxiliary

winding along with a centrifugal switch S.
 This winding is placed with 90° Space displacement
with the Main winding.
 Implies condition 1 for generating RMF is made
satisfied.
 Condition 2 is not yet satisfied.
 Based on the technique we use to achieve condition 2,
Induction Motor Is classified into 4 types:

  Resistance Start Phase Induction Motor

 Capacitor Start Induction Motor
 Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Induction Motor V
 Capacitor Run or Permanent Capacitor Induction Motor

 Here we try to achieve phase displacement of 90° in the  𝑰 𝒎

current flowing through the auxiliary winding () with  𝑰 𝒂
respect to Main winding Current(). Phase angle between Main And
Auxiliary currents is Zero.
 Resistance start Split Phase Induction Motor
   this case a resistor is added in series with the
In
Auxiliary winding along with centrifugal switch.
 Implies Resistance is more in Auxiliary winding
compared to Main winding.
 Implies the angle by which the is going to lag Supply
voltage V will reduce.
 The angle by which current lags voltage is given by

 X is Reactance of the winding
 R is Resistance of the winding
 R increases, Ratio Decrease, decrease
 Phasor Diagram For Resistive Split Phase

 Phase Displacement has been achieved but only of about

approximately 30°. The Motor Rotates.
 When the motor reaches 70% of rated speed, the centrifugal  ∅ 𝑎
switch opens and disconnects the Auxiliary winding.
 ∅ 𝑚 V
 Its Applications are fans, washing machines, oil burners,
small machine tools etc.
 30
 More is the displacement, more is the motor torque.
 𝑰 𝒂
 Therefore we always try to go near 90° phase displacement.  𝑰 𝒎
 To achieve it we go for capacitor instead of resistors i.e.
Capacitor Start Split Phase Induction Motor
Phase angle between Main And
Auxiliary currents is approximately 30°.
Capacitor Start Induction Motor

  
Here Instead of Resistor, We use Capacitor. Due to this
leads V by some angle.
 Hence phase displacement of nearly 80° is achieved
between and .
 Therefore Capacitor Start Split Phase Induction Motor
 𝑰 𝒂
has more torque compared to resistor split phase.
 When the motor reaches 70% of rated speed, the
centrifugal switch opens and disconnects the Auxiliary 80°
V
winding and the capacitor.
 Its Application are found in compressors, large fans,
pumps, high inertia loads.  𝑰 𝒎

Phase angle between Main And

Auxiliary currents is nearly 80°.
 Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Induction Motor

 Since presence of Capacitor improves power factor it was

decided to add an extra parallel capacitor (C 1) which will be
present even during the running condition.
 Starting capacitor C2 will be removed after 70% of rated speed but
Capacitor C1 Will be always connected.
 Due to presence of 2 Capacitors in Parallel during Starting, this motor
has a high starting torque.
 Application of these motors include air compressors, high-
pressure water pumps, vacuum pumps and other high torque
applications requiring 1 to 10 hp
Capacitor Run or Permanent Capacitor Split Phase Induction
Motor

 Here instead of connecting 2 capacitor which

leads to increase in cost, the motor is designed
with just one capacitor that is Permanently
connected.
 Used in fans, blowers, heaters, air conditioners,
refrigerator compressors, and in office
machinery.
Torque Slip Characteristics