BATCH NO.

07 Date: 17-04-2020

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY
GGBS
Under the guidance of
Mrs. M. Sri Lakshmi M.Tech, (Ph.D)
Assistant Professor

Batch Members
N.S.N.SINDHUSHA : (17A31A0167)
R.S.MANASI: (17A31A0170) T.S.V.SIVA RAM:(17A31A01B3)
P.V.S SAI RAM: (17A31A01A5) G.V.V.DURGA PRASAD: (16A31A0183)

PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)
A Grade
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONTENTS:
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Desing Mix
 Literature Review
 Results and discussion
 Conclusion
 References
 ABSTRACT:
In view of rapid constructions and huge cost of building materials there is
an urgency to reduce construction cost. The suitability and demand for usage
of different industrial wastes like GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag) is favoured to conserve the natural resources and reduction in
construction cost to attain sustainable development. Addition of GGBS to the
concrete improves the behaviour of concrete and strength.
In this experimental study the cement is partially replaced by GGBS. The
various materials used in this study are cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, GGBS. Different material tests will be conducted on each of the
materials, to achieve at the suitability of materials as per IS specifications. A
mix is designed for M30 grade concrete as per IS 10262:2009(Indian standard
code of practise).Trail mix is casted and tested for the adequacy. On arriving at
the designed mix of M30 grade, fresh and hardened properties of concrete are
determined. GGBS is partially replaced by 0%,10%,20%,30% and 40% by
weight of cement. For each of the concrete mixes, fresh and hardened
properties are determined. Then we arrive at the optimum mix.
INTRODUCTION:
 Concrete is the main binding material which is used in the construction
industry.
 The quality of concrete mainly depends upon the ingredients used.
 Due to rapid growth in the infrastructure development and decline in
availability of natural aggregates the use of alternative materials are widely
used.
 In this experimental study,we are replacing the cement and coarse
aggregate by GGBS and coconut shell
 In 1862, GGBS was first discovered in Germany by Emil langers. Ground
Granulated blast furnance slag is a by product from the blast furnance
slag.
 In India, we produce about 7.8 millions tons of Blast furnace slag.
 GGBS is used to make durable concrete structures in combination with
Ordinary Portland cement and other pozzolanic cement.
OBJECTIVES:
 The main objective of our project is to study the effect of partial
replacement of cement with ggbs under M30 grade concrete.
 The aim of this project is to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete
by partially replacing of cement by GGBS.
 To reduce the cost of concrete by using ggbs as partial replacement of
cement.
 The partial replacement of opc with GGBS Improves the workability.
METHODOLOGY:
 GGBS is collected from the steel manufacturing industry.
 Preliminary tests are conducted for fine aggregate,coarse aggregate and
cement.
 Using different percentage of GGBS for M30 grade of concrete mix will be
casted.
 The casted concrete was removed from moulds and placed in curing tank.
 In this experimental study cubes are designed to investigate the strength of
GGBS concrete.
Design Mix:
The design mix for M30 grade concrete is:-
STIPULATIONS FOR PROPORTIONING
1. Grade designation. : M30
2. Type of cement. : 53 grade
3. Max nominal size of aggregate. : 20 mm
4. Min cement content. : 320 kg/m3
5. Exposure condition. : Moderate
6. Max cement content. : 450 kg/m3
7. Specific gravity of cement. : 3.17
8. Specific gravity of fine aggregate : 2.65
9. Specific gravity of coarse aggregate : 2.58
Step-1:
f’ck=fck+1.65s
Where
f’ck=target average compressive strength at 28 days
fck=characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
s = standard deviation
From table no.1 of IS 10262:2009
S value of M30 grade=5
=30+1.65×5
=38.25 N/mm2
Step-2:
From table no.5 of IS 456:2000
Water cement ratio for reinforced concrete for moderate exposure condition = 0.40
Step-3:
From table no.2 of IS 10262:2009
Max water content for 20 mm size of aggregate = 186 lit (Acc to size of aggregate)
Step-4:
w/c ratio = 0.40
Cement content= weight of water/(w/c ratio)=186/0.40=465 kg/m3
We know that maximum cement content is 450 kg/m3but we got cement content is 465
kg/m3.
Hence we consider max cement content is 450 kg/m3
Step-5:
From table no.3 of IS 10262:2009
Volume of coarse aggregate for 20 mm size of coarse aggregate confining to zone 2 of fine
aggregate = 0.62
Then volume of fine aggregate = 1-0.62 =0.38
• Volume of concrete = 1 m3
• Volume of cement. =(450/3.17)×(1/1000)=0.141 m3
• Volume of water. =(186/1)×(1/1000)= 0.186m3
• Volume of all in aggregate=[volume of concrete-(volume of cement + volume of
water)]=1-(0.141+0.186)=0.673 m3
• Mass of coarse aggregate =e × volume of coarse aggregate × specific gravity of coarse
aggregate x 1000=0.673×0.62×2.58×1000=1076.53kg/m3
• Mass of fine aggregate =e × volume of fine aggregate × specific gravity of Coarse
aggregate × 1000=0.673×0.38×2.65×1000=677.71 kg/m3
Mix proportions:
=450:677.71:1076.53
=1:1.5:2.39
LITERATURE REVIEW:
 Ecocem. “Ground Granulated Blast furnance slag (GGBS)”.Retrieved
2013-05-27.U.S. Federal Highway Administration. “Ground
Granulated Blast Furnance slag”. Archived from the original on 2007-
01-22. Retrieved 2007-01-24
 B.Kaviya, R.Arjun, P.Rajkumar, S.Ramakrishnan,
S.Subash(study on partial replacement of cement by ground
granulated blast furnace slag) IJPAM (volume116,No.13,2017)
says that GGBS based concrete have acheived an increase in
strength for 30% replacement of cement at the age of 7 and 28
days.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
• Compression tests are used to determine the materials bahaviour under
applied crushing loads.
• Test for compressive strength is carried out on cube.
• Compressive strength is taken on the average of Atwo cubes test results.
• At 10 percent GGBS gives more compressive strength than opc.
CONCLUSION:
• Higher the percentage of cement replaced by GGBS,longer will be the
initial setting time.
• The usage of GGBS in concrete highly improves the strength.
• From the above results,it can be concluded that GGBS can be effectively
used in concrete.
• The usage of GGBS in concrete as replacement of cement material will
lessen the Co2 is being emitted during its manufacture and acts as an
ecofrienly material reducing the greenhouse effect.
REFERENCES:
• Ground granulated blast-furnace slag - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
• IS: 456-2000 code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
• SP: 23-1982 hand book on concrete mixes.
• IS: 10262-2009 Indian standards recommended guidelines for concrete
mix design.
• IS: 516-1959 Indian standards methods of tests for strength of concrete.
• IS: 383-1970 specifications for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
THANK YOU