Presentation of

Construction of G+1
Residential Building,
Nanded
BY
 AAMER ALI KHAN FEROZ ALI KHAN
PRN: 20211220181119110074

Department of Civil Engineering

Shreeyash College of Engineering, Aurangabad
Affiliated to
Dr.BabasahebAmbedkar Technological University, Lonere,
Maharashtra state, India
2021
CONTENT
• Site Marking
• Excavation
• P.C.C
• Footing
• Backfilling
• Plinth beam
• Columns
• Concrete Bedding
• Types of Building materials used
• Estimation
• Equipment & machines used in project
Activities done on site

Site Marking
 
•Site marking is one of the starting point of any construction.
•This activity is about pillar placements.
•Measured the length from the existing or already constructed building and verified
it. Also check the length from the road side or open land stone and confirm it as per the
given layout and drawing.
 Excavation

Excavation involves understanding of centre line and excavation

drawings, setting out of plan on ground, excavation of soil and removal of
excess soil. Quality checks such as recording ground level and marking of
reference points should be done. Excavation is the process of moving
earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives.

 
 P.C.C
Plain cement concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate(sand) and
coarse aggregate without steel. PCC is an important component of a building
which is laid on the soil surface to avoid direct contact of reinforcement of
concrete with soil and water.
Material Used in Plain Cement Concrete

• Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregate used in the PCC must be of hard broken stone
of granite or stone. The stone ballast shall be 20 mm in size and smaller.
• Fine Aggregate: Fine aggregate shall be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp
and angular grains and shall pass through a screen of 5 mm square mesh. Sand shall
be of standard specifications, clean and free from dust, dirt and organic matter.
• Cement: Portland Pozzolana cement (P.P.C) is normally used for plain cement
concrete. It should conform to the specifications and shall have the required tensile
and compressive stresses and fineness.
• Water: Water used shall be clean and reasonably free from injurious quantities of
deleterious materials such as oils, acids, alkalis, salts and vegetable growth.
Generally, potable water shall be used having a pH value not less than 6.
• Proportioning of Plain Cement Concrete Generally 1:2:4 or 1:3:6 mix is used.
 Footing
There are various types of isolated footings such as spread footing, stepped footing,
sloped footing etc. They are usually square, rectangular or circular in shape. Each
type of footing is selected based on the soil condition and configuration of imposed
loads. Isolated footings are one of the most economical types of footings and are
used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances.
 Columns
A column is a vertical member which effectively takes load by
compression. Basically column is a compression member as load acts along its
longitudinal axis. Bending moment may occur due to wind earthquake or
accidental loads. Column transfers the load of the structure of slabs beams
above to below, and finally load is transferred to the soil. Position of the
columns should be so that there are no tensile stresses developed at the cross
section of the columns. Columns location should be such that it hides in the
walls partially or fully.
 Plinth beam
Plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam constructed between the wall and its
foundation. Plinth beam is provided to prevent the extension or propagation of cracks
from the foundation into the wall above when the foundation suffers from settlement.
Plinth beams distributes the load of the wall over the foundation evenly.
Applications of Plinth Beam
It is mandatory to provide plinth beam in areas that prone to earthquake.
Construction of plinth beam above the natural ground is another application of this
type of beam.
Concrete Strength Suitable for Plinth Beam Construction
Strength of plinth beam concrete shall not be smaller than 20MPa. If concrete is mixed
manually, then an extra of 20% cement need to be added to the mixture.
 Backfilling
In construction, backfilling is the process of replacing or reusing the soil that
is removed during building construction to strengthen and support a
structure’s foundation or any other structural member.
Coarse Grained Soil
• Coarse-grained soils include gravelly and sandy soils and range from
clayey sands through the well-graded gravels of gravel-sand mixtures
 with little or no fines.
Fine-Graded Soils of Low To Medium Plasticity
• In organic clays of low to medium plasticity (gravelly, sandy, or silty
clays and lean clays) and inorganic silts and very fine sands of low
plasticity (silty or clayey fine sands and clayey silts) are included in
this category.
 Concrete Bed
A concrete bed in building construction is a leveled surface which can support
the objects, occupants etc. Following flooring type is used.
Cement Concrete Bedding Material in Building:
Concrete is most commonly used flooring material. It is suitable for any type of
construction and is cheaper than others and durable. Cement Concrete mix of
1:3:6 to 1:5:10 or lime concrete with 40% 1:2 lime sand mortar and 60% coarse
aggregate is used as base course. After hardening, 1:2:4 cement concrete mix
with 40 mm thick layer is laid as toppings.
Types of Building materials used

Cement:
It is a fine mineral powder fabricated with very precise procedures. Mixed with
water, this powder transforms into a glue that binds all the materials mixed with
it. Since the composition and fineness of the powder can fluctuate, cement has
different properties depending upon its own makeup. Cement is used in concrete
for making beam, column, floor, etc.
There are many cement bags available in market as per various brands. Ultra tech
cement was used on site.
Cost of ultra tech cement: Rs. 335 per bags
Grade of cement: PPC
 
Aggregates:
These are made by crushing the large rocks in crusher industries. These the most
important load-bearing component of Concrete used in Construction.
Aggregates are of different sizes such as 10mm, 20mm, etc. Aggregates occupy
most of the volume of the concrete and the share of its weight is highest in
concrete. 10 mm crushed stone aggregate was used on site.
 
Cost of aggregate: Rs.1500 per brass
 
River sand:
The river or natural sand demands very less water. The moisture which is trapped
between these particles serves good for various concrete purposes. Medium quality river
sand consists of 5 to 20% of silt content in them. River sand since naturally obtained is
cheaper. This types of sand used in construction contains silica content in them.
Therefore, it is necessary to check for the amount of silica present and ensure it is below
5%, before using it for construction.

Cost of river sand: Rs. 8330 per brass

Steel:
Steel is used because it binds well to concrete, has a similar thermal expansion
coefficient and is strong and relatively cost-effective. Reinforced concrete is also
used to provide deep foundations and basements and is currently the world's primary
building material. Structural steel is a popular construction material, often used
alongside concrete to create impressive and long-lasting buildings. Its versatility,
sustainability and flexibility are some of the main reasons for its use, as well as
being a very cost-effective material.
Mild steel bars TMT grade of Fe 415D and sized of 10 and 12 mm were used on site.
Cost of steel bars: Rs. 56840 per MT

Brick:
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in
masonry construction. Properly, the term brick denotes a block composed of
dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other chemically cured
construction blocks. Bricks can be joined together using mortar, adhesives or by
interlocking them. Bricks are laid in courses and numerous patterns known as
bonds, collectively known as brickwork, and may be laid in various kinds of
mortar to hold the bricks together to make a durable structure.
 
Cost of brick: Rs. 6 per unit
 
 Estimation
When we are planning of new house construction there is a lot of questions arises
in our mind what will be construction cost of 2280sqft house. Looking around
your budgets and plan to estimate. Construction of your house estimate consists
of all direct and indirect cost.

Rate/ construction cost of Civil work per sqft

Cost of civil work consist of cost of required building material or construction
material like cement sand aggregate and steel required for your foundation,
plinth, wall, roof, boundary wall, parapet wall, plastering, flooring and brick
work. Cost of civil work also consists of shuttering charges, contractor charges
and labour charges.
 
 
Equipment & machines used in project

JCB:

JCB was used for sight clearance, excavation and backfilling.

Cost of JCB: Rs.1000 per hour
Concrete mixer:
A Concrete Mixer is a machine that combines cement evenly to form aggregates
such as sand or gravel and water to concrete. A typical concrete mixer using a
rotating drum for mixing the components. For smaller volume works portable
concrete mixers are regularly used for concrete, can be produced at the site, so
that workers have enough time to use the concrete before it hardens time.
Cost of mixer: Rs. 1200 per day
Circular saw:

Circular saw used to cut the wood boards, frames etc. It is used when accurate cutting
is required in less time. It is safer than hand saw.
Chisel:
Chisel is generally used in wood work and this must be useful to remove the concrete
bumps or excess concrete in hardened surface.
Head pan:
Head pan is made of iron which is used to lift the excavated soil or cement or
concrete to the working site etc. it is more commonly used in construction sites.

Hoe:
Hoe is also used to excavate the soil but in this case the metal plate is provided with
acute angle to the wooden handle.

Measuring tape:

Measuring tape is used to check the thickness, length, widths of masonry walls,
foundation beds, excavated trenches etc.
 
 Benefits of Internship
During an internship, there is a chance to work on real projects, get acquainted
with the current market trends, sharpen your technical skills, & learn in demand
technical skills. Apart from this, an internship introduces you to the corporate
world, teaches you professional ethics and polishes your soft skills like
communication& interpersonal skills. With an internship, you could become an
engineer way before your graduation which could prove to be extremely helpful for
an effortless adaption to work environment when you join a full time job.

Conclusion
From the internship we learnt how to communicate with labor’s and with senior
engineer's, Also how to execute the construction process within the time. Our
theoretical and Knowledge was improved. We have learnt planning execution of
marking, excavation, backfilling, Reinforcement of column, footing, slab, stair case
etc
THANK YOU!