Linear Momentum

L.O. Define Momentum

Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the SI unit and Challenge: Perform calculations
Momentum Common units of Momentum involving Linear Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?   What is Linear Momentum (p)  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
The Linear momentum (p) of a body is the product of its mass and its velocity.  Impulse
 Force
p=m×v  Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
Momentum (Kg) = mass (kg) x velocity (ms-1). All moving bodies possess momentum.  Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define Momentum

Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the SI unit and Challenge: Perform calculations
Momentum Common units of Momentum involving Linear Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law? The unit of linear momentum is Kgms-1. It may also be expressed a Ns.  Mass
Linear Momentum is derived from Newton’s second Law,  Velocity
 Linear momentum
t ƩF = = = = ma  Impulse
 Force
And therefore:  Vector
Ft = mv-mu (the change in momentum)  Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
The units on both side of the equation must be equal and therefore, using the left Conservation of
side, the unit of moment can be Ns. linear Momentum
 Collisions
Momentum is a VECTOR quantity and therefore its direction is significant. For motion
along a straight line, positive values are assigned to one direction and negative values
to the opposite direction
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define Momentum describe situations that demonstrate the law of conservation of linear
momentum
Challenge: Perform calculations
Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
Second Law?
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum law
 Mass
 Velocity
The law of conservation of linear momentum states that, in the absence of external forces, the  Linear momentum
 Impulse
total momentum of a system of bodies is constant. This means:  Force
 Vector
The total Momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision  Kgms-1
 Ns
(p1 + p2 ) before = ( p1 + p2 ) after  Law of
Conservation of
m1 x u1 + m2 x u2 = m1 x v1 + m2 x v2 linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define Momentum describe situations that demonstrate the law of conservation of linear
momentum
Challenge: Perform calculations
Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s Application of Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
The greater the mass of the head of a golf club, the more momentum it has when swung at a  Linear momentum
given speed, and the greater the momentum it will impart to the ball which it strikes  Impulse
 Force
 Vector
When a bullet is fired, the forward momentum of the bullet is equal but oppositely directed to  Kgms-1
the backward (recoil) momentum of the gun. The total Momentum after the explosion is  Ns
 Law of
therefore zero, as it was before the shot was released. Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Challenge: Perform calculations

Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
Click on the link below to get a greater understanding of linear momentum  Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8DnNqBhUfQ  Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
PLEASE FOLLOW LINK AND WATCH VIDEO
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
Collison occurs when two body interacts with each other.
Types of Collision:
Elastic collision- No net loss in Kinetic energy, therefore is conserved
Momentum is conserved
Bodies move separately
for conservation: m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Inelastic Collision- Kinetic energy is not conserved

Momentum is conserved
Bodies stick together.
for conservation: m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1+m2)v
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications
Challenge: Perform calculations
Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law? Calculations involving the law of conservation of linear momentum  Mass
1. A car of mass 1000kg travels north at 20 ms-1 and collides head-on with another car  Velocity
 Linear momentum
of mass 1500kg, which is moving south at 18ms-1. determine the common velocity of  Impulse
the vehicles after the collision if they stick together.  Force
 Vector
2. A body of mass 800g moves to the right at 4.0 ms-1 and collides head-on with a  Kgms-1
 Ns
lighter body of mass 200g which is moving to the left at 20 ms-1. After the collision, the  Law of
heavier body rebounds at 5.6ms-1. Determine the velocity of the lighter body Conservation of
immediately after the collision linear Momentum
 Collisions

3. A stationary gun of mass 1.2 kg is loaded with a bullet of mass 20g. Determine the
recoil velocity of the gun as the bullet leaves its nozzle at 200 ms -1.
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications
Challenge: Perform calculations
Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
 Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications
Challenge: Perform calculations
Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
 Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Challenge: Perform calculations

Achieve: Define Linear Stretch: State the law of
involving conservation of Linear
Momentum Conservation of Momentum Momentum

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
 Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
•During
  collisions, like a tennis ball hitting the tennis racket, large forces act for very
short periods of time, which result in large changes in momentum. The change in
momentum of each body during the collision is known as the impulse (J) which is
equivalent to the product of the force and the time interval (ƩF × t).
J = ∑F × t = p =
This is called the impulse – momentum change equation which shows that the force is
inversely proportional to the time interval over which it acts.
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Stretch: State the equation and Challenge: Explain applications of

Achieve: Define Impulse
unit of impulse impulse in everyday life

Key terms
Impulse (J) is the measure of how the momentum of an object is changing  Newton’s Second
Note that the time taken for the object to change its momentum is small, a big force must have acted law
on it.  Mass
 Velocity
In any collision or impact, the force acting on a person ( or object) can be reduced by increasing the  Linear momentum
amount of time it takes for its momentum to change.  Impulse
 Force
 Vector
This is very important when it comes to things such as car safety:  Kgms-1
Impulse explains the need for air bags in cars which reduce the impact force by increasing the collision  Ns
time. It also explains why follow-through is important in sports (like tennis and football).  Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
Click on the link below for greater explanation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZU6rJQTz7FI
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Stretch: State the equation and Challenge: Explain applications of

Achieve: Define Impulse
unit of impulse impulse in everyday life

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
Note that the time taken for the object to change its momentum is small, a big force  Linear momentum
must have acted on it.  Impulse
This is very important when it comes to things such as car safety:  Force
 Vector
In any collision or impact, the force acting on a person ( or object) can be reduced by  Kgms-1
increasing the amount of time it takes for its momentum to change  Ns
 Law of
Click on the clink below for some applications of impulse Conservation of
linear Momentum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdeH6Ksedwk  Collisions
PLEASE WATCH!
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Stretch: State the equation and Challenge: Explain applications of

Achieve: Define Impulse
unit of impulse impulse in everyday life

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
1. Addul pulls a block of mass 8.0 kg by means of a horizontal string across a  Linear momentum
horizontal surface. The tension in the string is 29N and the frictional force  Impulse
opposing the motion is 17N. Determine the acceleration.  Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
2. Dijonay leapt into the air and spiked the ball horizontally. It rocketed away at Conservation of
linear Momentum
25ms-1 but found the palms of camellia who struck it back along the path with the  Collisions
same speed. If the force exerted by Camellia was 1250N and the mass of the ball
was 500g, determine the period of impact.
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Stretch: State the equation and Challenge: Explain applications of

Achieve: Define Impulse
unit of impulse impulse in everyday life

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
 Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions
 Linear Momentum
L.O. Define impulse, perform calculations and provide some applications

Stretch: State the equation and Challenge: Explain applications of

Achieve: Define Impulse
unit of impulse impulse in everyday life

Key terms
Starter:  Newton’s Second
State Newton’s
law
Second Law?  Mass
 Velocity
 Linear momentum
 Impulse
 Force
 Vector
 Kgms-1
 Ns
 Law of
Conservation of
linear Momentum
 Collisions