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Atomic Structure Power Point
Atomic Structure Power Point
Atomic Structure Power Point
neutron 1 0
electron 1/1840 -1
ATOMIC NUMBER
• ATOMIC NUMBER(PROTON NUMBER)
is the number of protons in an
atom.eg the atomic number
(proton number) for sodium is 11.
•So, sodium atom has 11
electrons
• So it has an equal number of
protons and electrons.
• Every atom has an equal
number of protons and
electrons.
• So atoms have no overall
charge.( electrically neutral)
NUCLEON NUMBER.
• Protons and neutrons are in the
nucleus of the atom, so are called
nucleons.
• Total number of protons and neutrons
in an atom is called its nucleon number
or mass number
NUCLIDE
• A nuclide is an atom having a specific number of
protons and neutrons. The notation (symbol) of a
nuclide is represented as follows:
A nucleon number
X symbol of element
Z atomic number
oxygen 8 8
fluorine 9 18
sodium 11 12
potassium 19 39
magnesium 12 12
phosphorus 15 16 31
ELECTRON SHELLS
• The electrons in an atom circle around the
nucleus, at different energy levels from it,
• These energy levels are called electron
shells.
• The first shell, closest to the nucleus, is the
lowest energy level.
• The further a shell is from the nucleus, the
higher the energy level
• Electrons occupy the lowest
available energy level.
• But they can not all crowd
into the first shell, because a
shell can hold only a limited
number of electrons like this:
• So the electrons fill up the shells
one by one, starting with the first
shell.
• When a shell is full, they start a new
one.
• The maximum number of electrons
that a shell can accommodate is 2n2
where n = shell number
• shell number 1, n= 1, 2n2 = 2x 12 = 2
A
X
Z
Where X = symbol of element, A = nucleon number, Z = atomic number
EXAMPLES
Hydrogen-1 (protium) 1
H
1
2
Hydrogen-2 ( Deuterium) H
1
Hydrogen-3(Tritium) 3
H
1
12
Carbon-12 C
6
Carbon-14 14
C
6
Chlorine-35 35
Cl
17
Chlorine-37 37
Cl
17
Uranium-235 235
U
92
Uranium-238 238
U
92
Mass spectrometer
particle number
Electron
Neutron
proton
Explain the meaning of the following terms.
Allotrope
Macromolecule