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Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorders
Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorders
of Diseases and
Disorders
(Noncommunicable and Lifestyle
Diseases)
As defined by the World
Health Organization (WHO),
noncommunicable diseases
(NCD), are those diseases that
are not passed from one person
What are non to another. These are non-
-communicable infectious diseases that may be
diseases? hereditary or a result of lifestyle
factors and not from pathogens.
Common examples are heart
disease and cancer acquired
through hereditary factors,
improper diet, and other risk
factors. Some non -
What are non communicable diseases do not
-communicable usually lead to death but may
cause discomfort and cause
diseases? suffering.
According to the WHO, about 38
million people die each year due to
NCD. Many Filipinos die every day
because of heart disease and cancer.
Diabetes, arthritis and respiratory
disorders are also among the major
What are non health concerns. The effects of these
diseases on one's health are difficult to
-communicable reverse once they are acquired. That is
diseases? why it is important for everyone to
know more information about NCDs
and their prevention.
Non-communicable Diseases
Allergy
Asthma
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus
Arthritis
Renal Failure
5
Allergy is a condition wherein the immune system
becomes hypersensitive to something in the environment such as
dust, mites, molds, plant's pollen, food, and even to medicines.
These things are called allergens.
7
A. Common asthma triggers are dust and mold, pollen,
cold air, weather change, sinus infections, stress, and
certain foods.
8
How can we manage asthma?
- Avoid inhaling substances such as paint fumes,
insecticides, and cleaning products
- Avoid products sold in aerosol cans.
- Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water a day
- Avoid stressful situations and do not exercise too
hard.
- Do not smoke and avoid secondhand smoke
- Take all prescribed medications with filled stomach
- Do not go outside in extremely cold weather.
9
Cardiovascular Disease - is a disease of the
heart and blood vessels. This may include coronary heart disease,
which occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked by
waxy substance referred to as plaque.
12
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells
divide in an uncontrolled pace Cancer is not
contagious and is not caused by injuries or
accidents.
13
The difference between malignant and benign
tumor
Malignant is cancerous.
Malignant tumors can spread
infection and destruction of nearby
tissues and other body parts. The Benign is not cancerous. Benign
process is called metastasis. tumors may increase in size but do not
infect other body parts. They are typically
harmless unless they are in a position
where they block normal tissues or organs.
14
What are the major categories of cancer?
There are four major categories of cancer:
A. Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. It is a malignant tumor that develops from epithelial
tissue and tends to spread to other areas of the body. Cancers of the skin, breast, uterus, prostate, lung,
stomach colon, and rectum are examples of carcinoma.
B. Sarcomas are cancers that begin in the connective or supportive tissues, which develop in the muscle,
bone, fat, blood vessels, and cartilage.
C. Lymphomas are cancers arising in cells of the lymphatic tissues or the immune system tissues. They
are characterized by abnormal production of white cells and decrease in resistance.
15
What are some ways to treat cancer?
Nowadays, with modern technology, many cancers are curable,
especially if detected at an early stage.
If you have healthy body and the blood sugar level gets too high
beta cells in the pancreas releases insulin. This will cause the
cells to take in sugar to use as energy or store as fat. When
this happens, the blood sugar level goes back to normal.
17
What are the different types of diabetes?
A. Type I diabetes occurs when the body does not produce or make
insulin. This is because the immune system attacks and destroys the
cells that produce insulin. Did you know that Type I diabetes usually
develops during childhood and adolescence? But it can also develop
during adulthood.
B. Type Il diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly use the
insulin it produced. This type of diabetes is usually develops in
adults.
C. Gestational diabetes occurs temporarily during pregnancy.
18
How can we reduce the risk of diabetes?
Diabetes prevention is important
especially if you are at an The following tips can help in
increased risk for the disease. If preventing diabetes:
not prevented, other complication
may develop such as kidney problem, 1. Get more physical
blindness, heart attack, nerve
activities,
damage, and even erectile
2. Include fiber and whole
dysfunction to men. Certain factors
grains in your diet,
that increase the risks for diabetes
3. Lose the extra weight and
include the Four Fs: Fat or
overweight, Female, Family history,
4. Make healthier food
and Forty years of age or older. choices.
19
Arthritis is a painful inflammation of joints that affects
the muscles, tendons, and ligaments surrounding the joints.
20
What are the two types of arthritis?
21
How can we manage and treat arthritis?
22
Renal Failure also known as kidney
failure, is a condition where the kidney stops to
function properly causing renal insufficiency. The
kidneys remove the waste products from blood
and help regulate blood pressure, balance
electrolytes, and red blood cell production of the
body.
23
What are some symptoms of kidney failure?
Some of the symptoms of kidney failure are:
- Changes in urination - foamy or bubbly urine; urinating more
often in greater amount with pale urine: urinating less often in
smaller amounts with dark-colored urine: urine with blood; and,
difficulty in urinating
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face, or hands.
- Extreme skin rashes and itching
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shortness of breath, feeling cold, dizziness, and concentration
problems brought about by anemia related to kidney failure.
24
What are the ways to diagnose
kidney failure?
25
How to prevent and manage kidney failure?
- Avoiding or limiting intake of toxic
substances will help prevent kidney failure.
A key to prevent severe kidney disease is
early detection and aggressive intervention
- Diabetes and high blood pressure are commonly
associated with chronic kidney diseases.
Managing them with proper diet, exercise, and
medications may help prevent kidney failure.
- Severe kidney failures are treated through
dialysis and kidney transplant. These are
usually on the late stages and can be lethal.
26
For Your Information
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), non - communicable diseases or
NCDs, are by far the leading causes of death in
the world, representing 63% of all annual
deaths. Non - communicable diseases (NCDs)
kill more than 36 million people each year.
Some 80% of all NCD deaths occur in low- and
middle-income countries.
27
Do you believe that you are not
supposed to worry about heart disease yet
because you are still too young to have the
28
The list below shows some myths and fallacies about NCDS.
Myths and Fallacies Fact
Lifestyle during childhood and adolescence affects the risk of
having cardiovascular diseases later. Plaque may start
I'm too young to worry about heart
accumulating during early stages of life and may lead to clogged
disease.
arteries eventually.
32
TION AND CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE D
2. Practice healthy eating. Choose healthy food options. Avoid foods that
may increase risks of developing a disease.
33
TION AND CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE D
1. Manage and maintain a normal weight. Obesity is one of the factors that
increase the risks of developing lifestyle diseases. Do regular exercises
and follow a healthy diet.
2. Have a routine medical checkup. This will detect diseases during the early
stages. Early detection will help control and treat the disease.
3. Learn to manage stress. Stress weakens the immune system making the
body prone to diseases. Take some breaks and engage in activities that
will help lessen stress.
34
As they say, "Health is
wealth.” Healthy lifestyle is
all about making one's health
What is a and well-being a priority. It
is a choice made by an
35
The National Nutrition Council (NNC) recommends everyone to follow
the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos for good health and proper nutrition.
37
Performance Task 1 : what’s in the News Performance Task 2 : Differentiated Activities
Look for a newspaper/magazine article about Choose a role and to the indicate task.
noncommunicable diseases. Cut and paste on a piece of 1. Be an artist. Make a poster about reducing
paper and answer the following questions. the risk of the noncommunicable diseases.
1. What is the article all about? 2. Be an advertisement creator. Create an
infomercial about reducing the risk of the
2. What disease is presented in the article?
noncommunicable diseases.
3. What are the causes and risk factors mentioned? 3. Be a writer. Write a newspaper
4. Are there any preventive measures in the article? article/magazine about reducing the risk of
5. What did you feel after reading the article? the noncommunicable diseases.
6. What will you do to prevent yourself from getting
a noncommunicable disease?