AUTOMOBILE

Basic Structure and Types

 Types of Automobile
• On the basis of
– Number of wheels and number of axles
– Type of prime mover used
– Weight of the vehicle
– Purpose served
– Fuel used
– Drive system used
– Capacity of the engine
 Types of Automobile
Automobiles

Passenger Goods
Vehicles Vehicles

Heavy Light Heavy

Light Vehicles
Vehicles Vehicles Vehicles

Tractor
Buses Coaches Truck
Trailer

Single Deck Double Deck

Delivery Van Light Truck Tempo

Mopeds & Jeep &

Motor Cycles Cars
Scooters Pick-ups
 Type of prime mover used

• IC engine driven auto vehicles

– Petrol, Diesel, Gas
• Steam engine driven auto vehicles
• Gas turbine driven auto vehicles
• Wankel engine driven auto vehicles
• Battery driven auto vehicles
• Solar energy powered auto vehicles
• Hybrid powered auto vehicles
 Wankel engine
•Pistonless rotary engine
•Wankel received his first patent for the engine
in 1929
•Low weight, High p/w ratio
Wankel Engine
Gas Turbine Engines
Hybrid Vehicle (Mirai)
Based on the weight of the vehicle
• Light duty vehicles
• Medium duty vehicles
• Heavy weight vehicles
• Extra heavy duty
 Gross Vehicle Weight
• Heavy Vehicles (GVW > 3,500 kg)
– GVW/GVWR/GVM is maximum operating
weight/mass of a vehicle as specified by the
manufacturer (Including vehicle's chassis, body,
engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver,
passengers and cargo but excluding that of any
trailers
• Light Vehicles
From Rule 95 of Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1987
 Payload distribution
Wr = W x CGf / WB
Wf = W – W r

where…
Wr = Weight on Rear Axle
W = Total Weight
CGf = Distance of CG of payload from Front Axle
WB = Wheelbase
Wf = Weight on Front Axle
Based on the purpose served
 Based on the purpose served
• On-road-vehicles
• Off-road-vehicles
• On and Off-Road vehicles
 Based on the fuel used
• Petrol vehicles
• Diesel vehicles
• Gas vehicles
• Dual vehicles
• Hydrogen vehicles (HICEV)
– Musashi Institute of Technology
Car Body Styles
 Car body styles
• Hatchback
• Saloon / Sedan
• SUV
• Station Wagon
• Limousine
• Roadster
• Coupe
 Hatchback
• Has a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area

• May be flexibly reconfigured to prioritize passenger vs. cargo volume

 Sedan/Saloon
• Has a separate closed boot from the part in
which the driver and passengers sit.
 Sport Utility Vehicle
(SUV)
• It’s a vehicle similar to a station wagon or
estate car that is usually equipped with four-
wheel drive for on-road or off-road ability.
 Station Wagon
• An estate car in which, kids were packed in the
back (with a large carrying area behind the seats)
 Limousine (Limo)
• luxury sedan or saloon car generally driven by
a chauffeur/chauffeuse
 Roadster/Spider
Open two-seat car with emphasis on
sporting appearance
Coupe
Pick ups
Thank You