Advanced Android Development

Fragments

Lesson 1

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1.2 Fragment lifecycle and
communications
Using the Fragment lifecycle and
communicating with an Activity

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Contents

● Understanding the Fragment lifecycle

● Using Fragment lifecycle callbacks
● Using Fragment methods and Activity context
● Communicating between Fragment and Activity

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Understanding
the Fragment
lifecycle

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The Fragment lifecycle

● Fragment lifecycle is similar to Activity lifecycle

● Lifecycle callbacks define how Fragment behaves in each
state

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Fragment lifecycle states

● Activity (host)
Activity

adds Fragment Fragment added

● States that a onCreate()

onCreateView()

Fragment can be in: Active Stopped

onDestroyView()

○ Active (or resumed) onPause()

○ Paused Paused

○ Stopped

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 How Activity affects Fragment lifecycle
Activity state Fragment callbacks triggered Fragment lifecycle
Created ● onAttach() Fragment is added and its
● onCreate() layout is inflated
● onCreateView()
● onActivityCreated()
Started ● onStart() Fragment is active and visible
Resumed ● onResume() Fragment is active and ready
for user interaction

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How Activity affects Fragment lifecycle

Activity state Fragment callbacks triggered Fragment lifecycle

Paused ● onPause() Fragment is paused because
Activity is paused
Stopped ● onStop() Fragment is stopped and no
longer visible
Destroyed ● onDestroyView() Fragment is destroyed
● onDestroy()
● onDetach()

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Using Fragment
lifecycle
callbacks

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Callbacks to make Fragment active

● onCreate(): Initialize Fragment components and variables

● onCreateView(): Inflate the Fragment XML layout

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Initialize the Fragment in onCreate()
Override onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState):
● System calls onCreate() when the Fragment is created
● Initialize Fragment components and variables (preserved
if the Fragment is paused and resumed)
● Always include super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
in lifecycle callbacks

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Display layout in onCreateView()
Override
onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup c
ontainer, Bundle savedInstanceState)
:
● Inflate XML layout—required if Fragment has a UI
● System calls this method to make Fragment visible
● Must return the root View of Fragment layout
or null if the Fragment does
Advanced Android Development
not have a UI
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More Fragment lifecycle callbacks
● onAttach(): Called when Fragment is first attached to Activity
● onPause(): Called when Activity is paused
● onResume(): Called by Activity to resume a visible Fragment
● onActivityCreated(): Called when Activity onCreate() method
has returned
● onDestroyView(): Called when View previously created by
onCreateView() is detached from Fragment

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Callback for final initialization
onActivityCreated(): Called when the Activity
onCreate() method has returned
● Called after onCreateView() and before
onViewStateRestored()
● Retrieve views or restore state
● Use setRetainInstance() to keep Fragment instance
when Activity is recreated
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Use onDestroyView

Use onDestroyView() to perform action after Fragment is

no longer visible
● Called after onStop() and before onDestroy()
● View that was created in onCreateView() is destroyed
● A new View is created next time Fragment needs to be
displayed

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Using Fragment
methods and
Activity context

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Use the Activity context

When Fragment is active or resumed:

● Use getActivity() to get the Activity that started the
fragment
● Find a View in the Activity layout:
View listView = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.list);

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Call methods in the Fragment

Get Fragment by calling findFragmentById() on

FragmentManager:
ExampleFragment fragment = (ExampleFragment)
getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.example_fragment);
// ...
mData = fragment.getSomeData();

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Use the back stack (1)

● Add Fragment to back stack: addToBackStack(null)

fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, fragment);
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
fragmentTransaction.commit();

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Use the back stack (2)

● Host Activity maintains back stack even after Fragment

is removed
● User can navigate back to Fragment with Back button

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 Fragment
communications

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Activity and Fragment communications
● Activity can send data to
Fragment and receive data
from Fragment
● All Fragment-to-Fragment
communication is done
through host Activity

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Send data to Fragment
In Fragment newInstance() factory method:
● Create Bundle
● Use setArguments(Bundle) to supply Fragment
construction arguments

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Fragment factory method
newInstance() factory method:
public static SimpleFragment newInstance(int choice) {
SimpleFragment fragment = new SimpleFragment();
Bundle arguments = new Bundle();
arguments.putInt(CHOICE, choice);
fragment.setArguments(arguments);
return fragment;
}

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Use the Fragment factory method

Include data (such as mRadioButtonChoice) in call to

Fragment from Activity:
SimpleFragment fragment =
SimpleFragment.newInstance(mRadioButtonChoice);

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Use data from Activity in Fragment
● Before drawing Fragment View, get arguments from
Bundle using getArguments()
● Use onCreate() or onCreateView()
if (getArguments().containsKey(CHOICE)) {
mRadioButtonChoice = getArguments().getInt(CHOICE);
// ...
}

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Retrieve data from Fragment
● In Fragment:
○ Define interface (such as a listener) with callback method(s)
○ Override onAttach() to retrieve interface implementation
(check if the Activity implements the interface)
○ Call interface method to pass data as parameter

● In Activity:
○ All Activity classes using Fragment must implement interface
○ Use the interface callback method(s) to retrieve data

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Define interface and callback methods
In Fragment: Define interface (such as a listener) with
callback method (such as onRadioButtonChoice())

interface OnFragmentInteractionListener {
void onRadioButtonChoice(int choice);
}

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Retrieve interface implementation
Retrieve interface implementation from Activity:
@Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
if (context instanceof OnFragmentInteractionListener) {
mListener = (OnFragmentInteractionListener)
context;
} else {
// ...
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Call interface method to pass data
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
// ...
switch (index) {
case YES: // User chose "Yes."
mListener.onRadioButtonChoice(YES);
break;
case NO: // User chose "No."
mListener.onRadioButtonChoice(NO);
break;
// ...
}
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Implement interface in Activity
Activity must implement the interface defined in the
Fragment:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity

implements SimpleFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener {

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Use the callback in the Activity
Activity can then use onRadioButtonChoice() callback:

@Override
public void onRadioButtonChoice(int choice) {
mRadioButtonChoice = choice;
// Use mRadioButtonChoice in Activity
// ...
}

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What's next?

● Concept chapter:
1.2 Fragment lifecycle and communications
● Practical: 1.2 Communicating with a Fragment

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END

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