RE 424: ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT

AND AUDIT
 Problem Statements are…

1. ..Global Environmental
Concerns..
2. ..sustainable use of energy
resources..
3. ..cheap and affordable
products
4. ..maximizing profit and
being competitive in
business
Energy & Global Warming
 Global Environmental Concerns
Global Warming
• Before the Industrial Revolution, human activities released very
few gases into the atmosphere and all climate changes
happened naturally.
• After the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century (through fossil
fuel combustion, changing agricultural practices and
deforestation), the natural composition of gases in the
atmosphere get affected and climate and environment began to
alter significantly.
• Over the last 100 years, it was found out that the earth is getting
warmer and warmer, unlike previous 8000 years when
temperatures have been relatively constant. The present
temperature is 0.3 - 0.6 0Cwarmer than it was 100 years ago.
Global Environmental Concerns
Global Environmental Concerns
 Global Environmental Concerns (cont…)
• Few examples of environmental issues of global significance are:
• Ozone layer depletion
• Global warming
• Loss of biodiversity
 Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion
Effects on Human and Animal Health:
• Increased penetration of solar UV radiation is likely to have
high impact on human health with potential risks of eye
diseases, skin cancer and infectious diseases.
 Climate Change Problem and Response

The ozone layer, therefore, is highly beneficial to plant and

animal life on earth by filtering out the dangerous part of
sun's radiation and allowing only the beneficial part to reach
earth. Any disturbance or depletion of the ozone layer
would result in an increase of harmful radiation reaching the
earth's surface leading to dangerous consequences.
 Climate Change Problem and Response
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
(UNFCCC)

In June 1992, the "United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change" (UNFCCC) was signed in Rio de Janeiro by over
150 nations. The climate convention is the base for international
co-operation within the climate change area.

The convention's overall objective is the stabilization of greenhouse

gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.“
Contribution to Greenhouse Effect
 Importance of Energy Conservation
• Coal and other fossil fuels, which have taken three million
years to form, are likely to deplete soon.
• In the last two hundred years, the World has consumed
nearly 60% of all fossil fuel resources.
• Hence, for sustainable development, we need to adopt
energy efficiency measures.
• To date, 85% of primary energy comes from fossil sources
(coal, oil, N-gas.). These reserves are continually
diminishing with increasing consumption and will not exist
for future generations
Consumption of Fossil Fuels
 What is Energy Conservation?
• Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency are different, but
related concepts:
• Energy efficiency is a subset of energy conservation
• Energy conservation is achieved when energy consumption is
reduced, without affecting productivity.
• Energy Conservation can, therefore, be the result of several
actions or technological changes.
• On the other hand energy efficiency is achieved when energy
intensity of a specific product or process or area of production is
reduced without affecting output or comfort level.
• Promotion of energy efficiency will contribute to energy
conservation and is therefore an integral part of energy
conservation promotional policies.
• This Course (RE 424) … is all about energy efficiency
Benefits of Energy Efficiency
Benefits of Energy Efficiency

• For the Industry/Corporate

• Reduced energy bills
• Increase competitiveness/profit

• For the Country (see TZ Energy Policy)

• Reduce energy imports
• Conservation of energy resources
• Improved energy security
• For the World
• Reduce GHG emissions
• Conserve environment
 Objectives of Energy Management
Definition & Objectives of Energy Management

• The fundamental goal of energy management is to produce goods

and provide services with the least cost and least environmental
effect.
• The term energy management means "The strategy of adjusting
and optimizing energy usage so as to reduce energy requirements
per unit of output"
• The objective of Energy Management is to achieve and maintain
optimum energy procurement and utilization, throughout the
organization and:
 To minimize energy waste/costs without affecting production and
quality
 To minimize environmental effects.
 The Energy Manager
The tasks of energy manager are setting goals, tracking progress, and
promoting the energy management program. An Energy Manager helps an
organization achieve its goals by establishing energy performance as a core
value.

The Energy Manager is not always an expert in energy and technical

systems. Successful Energy Manager understands how energy management
helps the organization achieve its financial and environmental goals and
objectives. Depending on the size of the organization, the Energy Manager
role can be a full-time position or an addition to other responsibilities.

Exactly how and where that function is placed is a decision that needs
to be made in view of the existing organizational structure.
 Importance of Energy Management
Responsibilities

Prepare an annual activity plan and present to management concerning

financially attractive investments to reduce energy costs
Establish an energy conservation cell within the firm with
management's consent about the mandate and task of the cell.
Initiate activities to improve monitoring and process control to
reduce energy costs.
 Analyze equipment performance with respect to energy efficiency
Ensure proper functioning and calibration of instrumentation required to
assess level of energy consumption directly or indirectly.
Prepare information material and conduct internal workshops about the
topic for other staff.
Develop and manage training programme for energy efficiency at
operating levels.
Develop integrated system of energy efficiency and environmental up
gradation.
 Energy Manager - Responsibilities & Duties

Duties

• Establish an improved data recording, collection and

analysis system to keep track of energy consumption.
• Provide support to Energy Audit Company used by the
company for the conduct of energy audit
• Prepare a scheme for efficient use of energy and its
conservation
RE 424: ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT
AND AUDIT
Proposed Syllabus….
1. Introduction
2. Material and Energy Balance
3. Energy Efficiency on Boilers
4. Energy Efficiency on Steam System
5. Cooling Towers
6. Co-generation
7. Waste Heat Recovery
8. Energy Efficiency on Insulation and Refractories
9. Heat Exchangers
10. Compressed Air System
11. HVAC and Refrigeration System
12. Fans and Blowers
13. Lighting System
…The Topics May Change
 References
1) Frank Kreith, D.Yogi Goswami, Energy Management
and conservation Handbook, 2007

2) Albert Thumann, P.E., C.E.M., William J.

Younger, C.E.M., Handbook Of Energy Audits,
Sixth Edition
 Course Grading

 Continuous Assessment (CA) = 40%

 University Examination (UE) = 60%