Physical and Chemical

Factors of Lake
Ecosystem
Ampaya, John Demetri Mationg, Dan
Buenaventura, Aerielle Razon, Ellaine
Cortez, Aurora Roco, Samantha
Doroteo, Mardi Santiago, Carlo
Jara, Levinne Tamolang, Aloisa
 Table of Contents
Observable effects of different Physico-Chemical

01 Temperature factors
as a physicochemical factor
and its observable effects 03
pH
as a physicochemical factor
and its observable effects

02 DO
as a physicochemical factor
and its observable effects 04 Salinity
as a physicochemical factor
and its observable effects
 Table of Contents
Importance of the Physico-Chemical factors in the

05 07
Light lake Nitrate

06 Temperature
08 Phosphate
 Table of Contents
Instruments used for measuring different Physico-chemical Factors
a Light Meter c DO meter

b Thermometer d TDS Meter

 Table of Contents
Instruments used for measuring different Physico-chemical Factors
e Secchi Disk g pH meter

f Depth meter h Salinometer

Water Body Classification
Classification Parameters
DLSU-D Lake Parameters
 DLSU-D Lake
Classification
Parameter Lake Average Standard (Class C) Classificatio Reading
n
Temperature (C) 26.1 25 to 31 Class C C Average
pH 7.76 6.5 to 9 Class C C Average
DO (mg/L) 6.51 5 Class C Above C
minimum
Nitrate (ppm) 9.7 7 Class C Above C
Standard
Phosphate (ppm) 5 0.5 Class D D Standard
Observable Effects
of Physico-
chemical Factors
01 Temperatur
e ●
●
Quality of water
Major influence on biological activities and growth
● Water chemistry
● Rate of chemical reactions
- 25-26 ˚C (Average: 26.1 ˚C) Standard: 25-31 ˚C
- growth of microscopic aquatic organisms and plant
 Dissolved
02 Oxygen
Turbulence
Salinity

Factors
Affectin
g
Aquatic Life Vegetation

DO
Temperature
Sunlight
 Dissolved
02 Oxygen
Factors
Vegetation
Affected
by Aquatic
DO Life
TDS
03 PH, which controls acidic or basic characteristics, is a
critical feature of every aquatic ecosystem, including

pH freshwater lakes, as both biochemical functions and retention

of water physicochemical characteristics depend heavily on
the pH of the natural environment. Aquatic organisms in the
lake according to the data attained a certain alkaline range of
pH which is equivalent to 6.5 to 9.0 pH.
The man made lake obtained an average of 7.756 which
is the normal range of precipitation and the normal range for
stream water. Freshwater lakes, ponds and streams usually
have a pH of 6-8 depending on the surrounding soil and
bedrock.
04 Salinity
● Is the measure of the amount of
dissolved salts in water (ppt)
● 0.5 ppt or less (0.3, 0.2, and 0.2)

Effects & Importance:

● Dissolved oxygen (other factors)
● Specific species salinity tolerance
Importance of
Physico-
chemical
Factors
05
Light
● An energy that can be converted to heat
hence affect water temperature
● Loss of light in deep water limits the depth
to which many plants can grow
● The importance of light is central to
communities of organisms
● Crucial on different chemical and biological
processes eg. Photosynthesis
06
Temperature
It is a physical property expressing how hot or cold water is.

Water temperature plays a major role in the quality of aquatic life and
habitats.

It is helpful to determine what species will live and thrive in body of

water.

It can affect the metabolic rates and biological activity of aquatic

organisms.
 07
● Fundamental for both nourishment and
development of plants and animals.
● They are not utilized by fishes but aquatic
plants make use of them as their food. NITRATE
● Excessive intake leads to disruption of aquatic
One of the primary limiting
ecosystem. E.g Oxygen Deficiency, Algal nutrient for phytoplankton
blooms and other water degradation. biomass accumulation.
08
PHOSPHATE ● Essential for the growth and
nourishment of plants and animals
● Controls the rate at which plants
grow
● Can speed up eutrophication
● Phosphate can be released from the
sediments, resulting to the
deoxygenation of water
INSTRUMEN

TS
Used for measuring the different
physical and chemical factors
Light meter Parameter being measured
Light intensity

Unit of measurement
lux

Procedure
Light meter measures the amount of light falling
onto a subject. Light meter uses a sensor called a
photodiode to measure the intensity of light.
Depending on the type of light being measured,
the sensory should point towards the light source
or the water.

http://apexdigital.com.ph/product/sekonic-l-308s-flashmate-light-meter/
Thermomete Parameter being measured
Temperature

r Unit of measurement
Celsius

Procedure
Measure the water temperature by submerging the
thermometer two-thirds below the surface of the
water. Take the measurement in a central flowing
location and let the thermometer adjust to the
temperature of the water for at least 1-2 minutes
before removing it from the water.
http://www.dogsafield.com/Lake-Thermometer-Kit/productinfo/R001-231/#.YANADZMq23I
 Parameter being measured

DO meter Dissolved oxygen

Unit of measurement
mg/L

Procedure
There are 2 primary types of DO meter: Luminescent, an optical-based sensing
method and Clark electrochemical/ membrane-covered electrode.

The optical technology is developed from the principle that dissolved oxygen quenches
the luminescence associated with chemical dyes in the sensor. The probe measures
dissolved oxygen through emitting a blue light that causes the sensing element to
luminesce or glow red. When no oxygen is present, the luminescence signal is at its
maximum, and when oxygen is introduced, the luminescence decreases. While
electrochemical DO sensors use two polarized electrodes, an anode and a cathode. The
electrodes and solution/water are isolated from the sample by a thin, semi-permeable
membrane.

https://hanna-worldwide.com/
 Parameter being measured

TDS meter Total dissolved solids

Unit of measurement
mg/L

Procedure
A TDS meter provides a reading by measuring the conductivity of the
dissolved ion in the water or in a solution.

To test the water using TDS meter, remove the cap from the probes, turn on the
meter and dip it in the water. Wait until reading is available.

TDS meter can measure the electrical conductivity by emitting a small

electrical current that passes through the sample/water. The meter then capture
the electrical conductivity and converts it into a TDS number.

https://slinya.en.made-in-china.com/product/kjIxYeQLVAVt/China-Ppm-Water-Purifier-Quality-Digital-Tester-Handheld-
Hardness-Analyzer-TDS-Meter.html
 Parameter being measured

Secchi Disk Water Clarity/Turbidity

Unit of measurement
inch

Procedure

The instrument is first submerged into the water on the shady side of the boat.
It is lowered until it disappears.

Take note of the depth on the cord

Slowly reel back the cord upwards and note the acquired depths to its nearest
half-foot mark.

Record the data with its date and time of reading

https:// www.rmbel.info/training/how-to-use-a-secchi-disk/
 Parameter being measured

Depth Meter Depth of water/lake

Unit of measurement
meters

Procedure

The depth meter is placed underneath the water.

The depth meter will automatically calculate the depth of the lake region.

Once data has stabilized, record it.

http://www.heremeter.com/ultrasonic -water-depth-meter.hrml
 Parameter being measured

pH Meter Hydrogen-ion activity

(acidity/alkalinity)

Unit of measurement
pH

Procedure

Calibration must first be done before testing the water sample.

Water sample is placed in a container and the glass probe at the end of the pH
meter is placed in the water.

Once there is a stable value of pH, it is then recorded.

pH and Water (usgs.gov)

 Parameter being measured

Salinometer Salinity

Unit of measurement
ppt

Procedure

Fill a container first with the water sample from the lake.

Insert the straw material (clay end down) and slowly add/remove the clay
until the straw floats at a desired depth.

Mark the depth where the salinometer floats in the water with a marker.

http://www.heremeter.com/ultrasonic -water-depth-meter.hrml
References:
Green, J. (2019, March 02). How Do Phosphates Affect Water Quality? Retrieved January 16, 2021, from
https://sciencing.com/phosphates-affect-water-quality-4565075.html

Measuring Salinity of Water. (2016). HORIBA.

https://www.horiba.com/en_en/applications/water/general-water-measurement/measuring-salinity-of-water/

Phosphorus and Water. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-
school/science/phosphorus-and-water?qt-science_center_objects=0

Rameshkumar, S., Radhakrishnan, K., Aanand, S., & Rajaram, R. (2019, January 3). Influence of physicochemical water quality on

aquatic macrophyte diversity in seasonal wetlands. Applied Water Science. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-

018-0888-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=731ed48e-5903-4166-b387-65059563c0b2
References:
Fondriest Environmental, Inc.(2014) “Water Temperature.” Fundamentals of Environmental Measurements.Retrieved from

https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/water-temperature/

Wheatley River Improvement Group. (n.d.). Nitrates and Their Effect on Water Quality – A Quick Study.

Retrieved from http://www.wheatleyriver.ca/media/nitratesand-their-effect-on-water-quality-a-quick-study/

pH and Water (usgs.gov)