RAJIV GANDHI GOVT POLYTECHNIC,

ITANAGAR A.P.
DERARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN HILLY REGION

PROJECT GUIDE
Shri. RIBA GYADI
TEAM MEMBERS –
INTERNAL EXAMINER Mr. MICHI NOBIN (RGGP/2018/CE/14)
Miss Taba Amang Ms. RINGU YAJUM (RGGP/2018/CE/10)
Mr. TAI TALAP (RGGP/2018/CE/20)
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
Mr. MENMI JILEN (RGGP/2017/CE/27)
Shri. Phurba Dorjee Philley 1
 • INTRODUCTION
1

• LITERATURE REVIEW
2

• OBJECTIVES
3

• RESULTS AND DISCUSION

CONTENT 4

• CONCLUSION
5

• REFRENCES
6
2
INTRODUCTION

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 1.1 TYPES OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

1.1.1 CONSERVANCY SYSTEM

Fig 1.1.1 conservancy system (source: slideshare.net)

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1.1.2 WATER CARRIAGE SYSTEM

Fig 1.1.2 Water carriage system. (Source: slideshare.net)

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 TYPES OF WATER CARRIAGE SYSTEM

SEPARATE SEWARAGE SYSTEM

COMBINED SEWARAGE SYSTEM

PARTIALLY SEPARATE SEWARAGE SYSTEM

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 SEPARATE SYSTEM 

Fig 1.1.3 separate sewerage system (Source: www.civilengineerspk.com)

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 COMBINED SYSTEM 

Fig 1.1.4 combine sewerage system (Source: civilengineerspk.com)

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 PARTIALLY COMBINED SYSTEM 

Fig 1.1.5 Partially combine system (Source: trenchlesspedia.com)

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 1.2 SEWARAGE SYSTEM IN HILLY REGION

1.2.1 Importance of sewer system in hilly region :

Sewers are extremely important components of urban infrastructure that helps keep the urban
environment safe from flooding and prevents the spread of water-borne diseases by safely
transporting waste water to the waste water treatment works and through the transport of rain
water from urban surfaces. Adding of sewer system also helps in the planning of cities or town
and works like a beautification factor by maintain cleanliness

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 1.2.2 Effects of Sewer system in hilly region

• To prevent odour from waste water in the urban environment

• the protection of the environment and improvement of the quality of life in the area
• Impact on the development of tourism and the economy in general.
• The tertiary treated effluent at the wastewater treatment plant is reused for agricultural and
other purposes.
• With the operation of the sewerage system no more pollution of ground water is effected and
the discharge of sewage waste in the area can be significantly reduced.

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1.2 PROBLEM FACED TO BUILD SEWER IN HILLY REGION AREA
major factors which govern planning and construction of sewer line in hill area are

1.2.1 TOPOGRAPHY

Fig 1.2.1 Topography of Himalayas(Source: Fraonline.ch)

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1.2.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Fig 1.2.2 Extreme cold (Source: holidify.com)

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 Heavy or Moderate Rain

Fig 1.2.3 Rainfall in Hilly areas (Source: shutterstock.com)

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1.2.3 TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

Fig 1.2.4 Traffic Conjunction. (Source: newindiaexpress.com)

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1.2.4 AVAILABLE USABLE SPACE

Fig 1.2.5 (Source: sciencedirect.com)

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1.2.5 NATURAL DRAINAGE

Fig 1.2.6 Drainage. (Source: britanica.com)

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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 2 JOURNAL SURVEY

2.1 DESIGN OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN HILLY AREAS AND VARIOUS

CHALLENGES : A CASE STUDY ON DESIGN OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN
BABA GHULAM SHAH BADSHAH UNIVERSITY RAJOURI JAMMU AND
KASHMIR

Abstract : The paper is written on the design of sewerage system for Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University
in Rajouri. The design aims at effective abatement of pollution by providing a comprehensive waste water
collection, treatment and disposal system using laterals, branches and trunk mains including sewage
treatment plants. There is no proper sewerage system in the university due to backwardness of the area and
also due to development of university and increase in the number of students, a design of sewerage system
is badly required. The details of design of sewer at different sections presented here will serve as the design
itself for the university. The design done here not only covers the entire area of university and the
population living within the university but also the population of neighboring areas. Total Station was
used for finding the reduced levels of different sections and other data related to survey and
accordingly the contour Map cross-sections and L-sections were prepared. The paper also throws some
light on the population of the university calculated both analytically and graphically departmental, hostel
wise and finally on the whole. Brief about the geographical and other features of the university have also
been presented in the paper. Once the proper design of Sewerage system is done, friendly environment will
be created for the students, water in the area will also be pollution free to some extent and hence health
related issues resulting due to pollution and water will also decrease.
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 2.2 COMBINED SEWER NETWORK IN HILLY REGION : FIELD
SURVEY AND POLLUTANT OVERFLOW OPTIMIZATION .

Abstract -  Combined sewer networks in hilly regions present unusual and unexplored issues due
to the high flow velocity which characterizes sloped systems. This work aims to present the results
of a field survey carried out at the experimental combined sewer urban drainage system of Volterra
(Tuscany, Italy, total surface 146 ha, maximum slope 14%). Field data have been used to calibrate
the numerical model based on the network geometry and on the rainfall events of 2007 and 2008.
A simple characterization of the pollutant and the analysis of their correlation with the total
suspended solids have been carried out.

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 2.3 WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING IN JAPAN—HISTORY,
CURRENT SITUATION, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES.

Abstract - Water reuse is an effective option all over the world for saving water resources, reducing
environmental impacts and reducing the costs and energy involved in water resource management. In
Japan, non-potable water reuse has been implemented in several cities since the 1980s, mainly for
urban applications such as toilet flushing, urban stream water augmentation, and landscape irrigation.
However, utilization of reclaimed water is still limited in JAPAN, due to the inadequate quality
standards for reclaimed water and the high energy consumption of water reclamation facilities.
standards for reclaimed water and the high energy consumption of water reclamation facilities. From
2010 to 2015, a Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)project was carried
out in Japan to develop energy-efficient water reclamation processes utilizing membrane
technologies and ozonation processes. A comprehensive evaluation of the process performances and
the economic feasibility showed that the UF and UV (ultra filtration and ultra violet radiation)
process provided removal of viruses to a level adequate for water reuse for agricultural purposes at
low cost. Based on the results from the CREST project, a demonstration plant incorporating the
UF&UV process was constructed at the Itoman wastewater treatment plant in Okinawa to evaluate
performance in terms of virus removal and to implement agricultural water reuse. Other innovative
technologies are also under development in Japan to reduce the cost and energy involved in water
reclamation. This paper introduces the history, current situation, and future perspectives of water
reclamation and reuse in Japan.

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 OBJECTIVES

 A preliminary review on available research paper, articles, journal and books.

 Analysis of research paper/case studies.
 Comparison of various researches.
 Recommending the Preliminary theoretical sewerage system.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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4.1 DIFFICULTIES FACED IN CONSTRUCION OF SEWER IN HILLY REGION

1 TOPOGRAPHY

2 SPACE

3 TRAFFIC

4 POPULATION

CLIMATIC CONDITION-
5 Runoff

6 ECONOMIC FACTOR

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 4.2 COMPARISION TABLE
Table no. 4.2.1
Separate sewerage system
Parameters Advantages Disadvantages
Topography Due to its smaller size of sewer the installation
process is easier in higher slope area. Also waste
water will effect the interior of sewer in lesser
magnitude as the volume of the wastewater is less

Space Requires more work and area since

two different pipes are laid
Traffic Constructing two different sewage
pipe take more time which result in
longer traffic jam.
Population Vertical increase in population will happen in
congested area. Therefore, with proper population
forecasting it will help in utilizing the limited space
for generation.
Climatic It can withstand heavy rainfall since two pipes are
condition/run laid for sewer and storm water.
off
Economical During disposal if the sewage is to be pumped in
factors separate it is the cheapest.
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 Table no. 4.2.2
Combined sewerage system

Parameters Advantages Disadvantages

Topography This system involves large excavation which

makes it very hard to be build at small,
congested and higher gradient area.
Space Less complex design leads to easy work
and it lead to relatively less work space.
Traffic Once it constructed completely is can act
as a foundation for the road. Hence
saving area
Population Increase in population will eventually lead
to more toxic sewer and in heavy rainfall,
overflow it will pollute the water sources
Climatic Heavy Rainfall may cause overflow and load
condition/runoff on the treatment plant becomes high. 
Economical large size of sewer their handling and
factors transportation is difficult which results in
high construction cost

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 Table no. 4.2.3
Partially separated system
Parameters Advantages Disadvantages

Topography Due to higher gradient it is difficult to

manipulate due to bigger size sewage pipe and
complex design.
Space It doesn’t need much space.

Traffic This system releases water during overflow and

may cause damage to road.
Population Increase in population will eventually lead to
more toxic sewer and incase of overflow it will
pollute the water sources
Climatic During high rainfall it will increase the
condition/runoff treatment plan load unnecessarily.

Economical factors Self cleansing, and also the

construction cost is less compare
to other.

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4.3 RECCOMENDATION OF THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM

After comparing some of the system from the above table we are
recommending the separate sewerage system hence it has
the most advantages and have the least disadvantages out of the
three different modern sewerage system.

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Fig 4.3 Separate sewerage system (gatineau.com)
MITIGATION MEASURES AGAINST THE DISADVANTAGES OF SEPARATE
SEWARAGE SYSTEM
TABLE 4.3

PARAMETER DISADVANTAGES RECOMMENDATION

Requires more work and Construction of only one pipe

SPACE area since two different should be done for sewage and
pipes are laid. open drainage system should be
used to convey storm water.

TRAFFIC Construction of two sewers Construction of only one

under the road will take pipe should be done i.e.,
more time resulting longer for sewage
blockage of traffic .

The engineer referring our project is also recommended to build the sewer
designed capacity a bit reasonably more, this may be done by increasing the
diameter of the pipe for the unseen entry of water from outside.
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 CONCLUSION

Our project was initiated to give a preliminary recommendation and to act as a

reference for the future projects on building sewerage system of hilly region areas.
This was done by the conducting an online survey in which comparison and analysis
of various parameter’s.

From the various parameters like topography, space, traffic, population ,climatic
condition-runoff and economical factor, we recommend separate sewerage system as
it was found out to be best suitable sewerage system out of the three modern
sewerage systems.

This preliminary recommendation is only for the theoretical design and after
considering our recommendation the future engineer should go for practical field
survey as well to come up for the practical sewerage system for hilly region area.

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 REFERENCE

[1] Zuhaib Zahoor,Shawl, Yawar Mushtaq, Rainahariq Mir. Design of Sewerage System in Hilly Areas and
Various Challenges: A Case Study on Design of Sewerage System in Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University
Rajouri, Jammu And Kashmir, India.(IJIRSE) International Journal of Innovative Research in Science &
Engineering ISSN (Online) 2347-3207 IJIRSE/Vol 3.

[2] Stefano Pagliara ,Iacopo Carnacina, Michele Palermo. Combined Sewer Network in Hilly Region: Field
Survey and Pollutant Overflow Optimization. Dept of civil engineering .university of Pisa, 56122,Via
Gabba22,Pisa,Italy .

[3] Punam Rajprohit, J.D.Raol ,Ajay Patel, Indra Prakash. Development of sewerage system of developing
city using Geo-informatics technology . International journal of advance research in engineering, science
and technology –e-ISSN:2393,p-ISSN2394-2444 volume 4,issue April 2016 .

[4] Anamika Paul and Mimansa Gulati. Design of Sewerage System for Jaffarpur area in Southwest New
Delhi. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 1 (2014), pp.
29-34

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THANK YOU

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