FORENSIC LABORATORY

BY DIVYA R
3rd YEAR BAMS
SRI SAIRAM AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE
• SET UP THE FIRST FORENSIC LABORATORY IN 1910 AT
FRANCE
• POSTULATED THE LOCARD'S EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE

EDMOND
FORENSIC LABORATORY

Multidisciplinary scientific laboratory providing testing

methods and latest technologies to analyse proofs and
evidences based on forensic science.

FUNCTIONS:
 To examine, compare & evaluate physical evidence.
 Protection of the innocent.
To train and aid police investigators in crime detection.
 FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY IN INDIA

Government of India

MHA
(Ministry Of Home
Affairs)

DFSS CFSL, New Delhi

(CBI)

Forensic Labs &

GEQDs
CENTRAL FORENSIC LABORATORY
CFSL CENTRE OF
The CFSL is a wing of the EXCELLENCE
Indian Ministry of Home NEW DELHI -
Affairs, which fulfills the (WORKS FOR CBI)
forensic requirements in the HYDERABAD CHEMICAL SCIENCES
country.
KOLKATA BIOLOGY SCIENCES
(OLDEST LAB IN
There are seven central INDIA)
forensic laboratories in CHANDIGARH PHYSICS SCIENCES
India. GUAWHATI -
BHOPAL -
PUNE -
DIRECTORATE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
SERVICES (DFSS)
• The DFSS was created in the year 2002 by Ministry of
Home Affairs, Govt. of India.
• Has six Central Forensic Science Laboratories under its
control.

Mission Statement of DFSS:

The Mission statement of the DFSS is to render 'High quality
and credible forensic services' to justice delivery system.
FSL IN INDIA CONT.
• About 26 well established
FSL are present mostly in
the state capitals

• Many states have regional

FSL in some districts under
the supervision of the state
FSL
Director ( Head Of Labarotory )

Addl.Director & Administrative Officer

Divisions Of Forensic Science Labs

Hierarchy In A
Deputy Director
Forensic science
Assistant Director Laboratory
Senior & Junior Officer

Senior & Junior Scientific Assistant

Lab assistant, Attenders , Photographers

STORAGE REQUIRMENTS
• Adequate storage space for incoming and outgoing case exhibits.

• Should be guarded against theft and loss of evidence.

• Each police district should be given seperate storage racks so

that the exhibits do not get misplaced or intermixed.

• The storage keeper handles only sealed packets of exhibits.

• Unsealed packets should not be accepted.
DIVISIONS OF FSL
• FSL collects, examines,analyzes and reports on physical
evidence submitted in criminal cases by any district govt.
agencies
• It works as a single team consisting of different induviduals
in form of divisions
• The evidence recovered from any crime can be primary or
secondary. eg: Blood on glass
↓ ↓
secondary primary
DIVISIONS OF FSL
An ideal FSL consists of,

PHOTOGRAPHY

INSTRUMENTAL
ANALYSIS

COMPUTER FACILITY
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
BIOLOGICAL UNIT
SEROLOGICAL UNIT
DNA UNIT

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
PHYSICS UNIT
BALLISTICS UNIT

CHEMICAL SCIENCES
CHEMISTRY UNIT
TOXICOLOGY UNIT
NARCOTICS
EXPLOSIVE UNIT
OTHER DIVISIONS
• DOCUMENT DIVISION

• FINGERPRINT DIVISION

• LIE DETECTION

• COMPUTER FORENSIC

• MOBLILE LABORATORY
FORENSIC SCIENCE LIBRARY

• Most important part of FSL

• Consists rich collections of:
National and International journals
Scientific books
Reference works in chemistry, physics, biotechnology
and other descriptions
Internet facilities connected with other labs of world
FORENSIC SCIENCE MUSEUM
• Medico legal models
• Different types of firearms,Cartridge cases,bullets
• Exhibits of poisoning snakes
• Significant plants
• Chemical and rare poisons of forensic intrest
• Useful charts- highlighting various important and diverse
aspects of forensic science.
PHOTOGRAPHY UNIT
• Photography and videography of scene of crime and crime
related exhibits/objects
• Photo of accused/suspect
• General and spl. photos involving UV and IR
• Photomicrography of blood,semen,hair,fibres etc
• Deciphering of processed photo films in damaged
conditions.
• Identification of camera and allied equipment from the
given photo film
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
• Different instruments are
used to detect, collect, and
process samples and
evidence for further
evaluation and
determination.
laboratory freezers

Some of them are,

UV detector
SPECTROPHOTOMETER FINGERPRINT CCD XRAY DETECTOR
-TOXICOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CHAMBER
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES - BIOLOGY
UNIT
• Examination of biological materials encourted at the
scene of crime.
• i.e. The branch of biology to the court of law.

Deals with species identification and induvidualization

through
• blood,semen,menstural blood,saliva,sweat,urine,vomit etc.
• Hair morphology
• Bones,teeth ie skeletal remains to find origin,sex etc
SEROLOGY UNIT
• Responsible to find out blood group, enzymes, serum
protien etc in biological materials such as blood, saliva
• Biological evidence-blood is very essential

Blood can be either in wet or dry form.

if wet, use filter paper or use cotton swab
if ripe and dry, scrape it for examination
DNA UNIT
• Forensic DNA analysis deals with identification of sourceof
body fluids through DNA testin
• Samples can be skin tissue, hair, semen, blood

METHOD: Two samples are taken, one from the suspect and
one from the scene of crime.
DNA of both samples is extracted,studied and commpared.
if matched, the suspect was at the scene of crime.
DNA ANALYSER
PHYSICAL SCIENCES - PHYSICAL
UNIT
Analyses building materials
sand
soil
paint
dirt
threads, rope and knot
cut marks on cloth
mettalics etc
 BALLISTICS UNIT

Determination of firearm to determine the nature and

type of weapon used in crime
 CHEMICAL SCIENCES- CHEMISTRY
UNIT

• Carries out chemical analysis : both qualitative and quantitative.

• Composition of chemical powders, medicines, burnt remains,
acids, alcoholic beverages are analysed
TOXICOLOGY UNIT
NARCOTICS UNIT
• Samples of all narcotic drugs
and psychotropic substances are
sent to this division for analysis.

• Also analyses percursor

chemicals used for
manufacturing drugs and
pychotropic substances.
EXPLOSIVE UNIT

Opinion on the nature of explosives, explosive devices used in

crime scenes are tested
DOCUMENT DIVISION
• Analysis of handwriting, type writing, computer typing
• Printed document alterations
• Erasers especially mechanically erased documents
• Obliterated documents
• Forgery
• Burnt documents
FINGERPRINT DIVISION
 LIE DETECTION
BRAIN FINGERPRINTING:
• Electro cap
• Suspect questioned about crime along with visuals of crime scene
• To stimulate his brain & encourage a reaction on a computer
monitor
• This is tracked and printed
 NARCO ANALYSIS (TRUTH SERUM)
Close to unconsciousness, the subject is
• Mentally incapable of resistance to questioning
• Incapable of inventing lies to conceal guilt
POLYGRAP
H

• Continuously records BP, pulse, respiration

& electro dermal reaction
• Fear stimulates sympathetic nervous
system, resulting in physiological changes
• Consent of subject essential
• Leading questions asked
• Relevant & irrelevant questions are asked
and graph is maked
 COMPUTER FORENSICS

Acquisition, preservation, identification,extraction, documentation

and reporting of digitalce in various computer related crimes.
MOBILE LABORATORY

• Mobile crime scene labs are ideal for emergency

management to speed up forensic investigations.
• A mobile forensic laboratory can serve many functions
including, collecting fingerprints, measuring a
projectile’s trajectory or analyzing DNA.
THANK YOU