ARTIFICIAL

EYES
SUBMITTED BY,
ROOBIKA S(17106097)
SELVALAKSHMI B(17106104)
INTRODUCTION

 An artificial eye or Ocular prothesis is a ‘Prosthesis’ which is used to replace a

missing or damaged eye.

 In order to accomplish the goal of creating a visual prosthesis , scientists had to

develop a camera which could interact with the brain by stimulating optic nerve.
WORKING OF EYE

 Scattered light from object enters through the cornea.

 The light is projected onto the retina.
 The retina sends messages to the brain through the optic nerve.
 The brain interprets what the object is.
 After seeing an image the brain takes information from thr outside world and
encodes it in patterns of electrical activity.
 After creating the pattern,the brain gets a visualization of image.That can be
actually seeing the image from our eyes.
NEED FOR ARTIFICIAL EYES

 In damaged or dysfunctional retina, the photoreceptors stop working

,causing blindness.

 The absence of effective therapeutic remedies for retinitis pigmentosa(RP)

and age-related macular degeneration(AMD).
 ARGUS II DEVICE

 The argus II retinal prosthesis system(Argus II) is the world’s first approved
device intended to restore some functional vision for people suffering from
blindness.
 It transmits images from a small eye-glass mounted camera wirelessly to a
microelectrode array implanted on a patient’s damaged retina.
PARTS OF ARGUS II DEVICE

The system has 3 parts:

 a small electronic device implanted in and around the eye.
 a tiny video camera attached to a pair of glasses.
 a video processing unit that is worn or carried by the patient.
WORKING DIAGRAM
FUNCTIONS
 DIGITAL CAMERA
• It captures the image and converts it into pixels of black and white.
• The battery required is provided by the video processing unit.
 VIDEO PROCESSING UNIT
• It acts as optogenic transducer unit which simplifies the image as spots of light and then reduces the
image to the number of photodiodes.
• It majorly consists of
video decoder
video scaler
DSP processor
video processor.
RETINAL IMPLANTATION
 Electrode implantation is one of the most critical jobs in this ystem.
 The first step done in this process is perforating a platinum foil with each hole having a diameter
of 3mm.
 68 flat platinum electrodes of 1mm diameter are pierced through holes into nucleus of neurons
of optical lobe.
 The group of wires pass the electrical impulses which are generated by the processor.
 When the electrode simulates,it produces closely spaced phosphene.
ADVANTAGES
 Ability to perform visual tasks demonstrated in many patients.
 Identity the location or movement of objects and people.
 People suffering from low vision and who are completely blind will get benefitted.

LIMITATIONS
 Surgery is required to implant the electrode array.
 Repairing is difficult if any devices got damaged.
 Those who lost their visions due to some other reasons could not use this device.
 Cost is high.
THANK YOU