WIND ENERGY

Introduction
■ Wind is created by the unequal heating of the Earth’s
surface by the sun. As a renewable resource, wind is
classified according to the wind power, which are based
on typical wind speeds.
■ Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy into mechanical
power that runs a generator to produce clean electricity.
■ There are several reasons why wind energy is growing so
rapidly. One of them is low cost (post installation) and
second is that construction of wind energy takes months
instead of years.
■ Wind turbines do not produce atmospheric emission that
causes acid rain or greenhouse gasses.
■ In other words, wind energy is both environmentally and
economically sustainable.
 Wind Power
■ Wind power is a measure of the energy available
in the wind. It is a function of the cube (third
power) of the wind speed.
■ If the wind speed is doubled, power in the wind
increases by a factor of six.
■ This relationship means that small differences in
wind speed lead to large differences in power.
°
 Main Parts of Windmill
■ Rotor- The hub and the blades
together are referred to as the rotor.
Wind turns the blades which turn
the drive shaft.
■ Shaft- Two different shafts turn the
generator. One is used for low
speeds while another is used in high
speeds.
■ Gear Box- Gears connect the high
and low speed shafts and increase
the rotational speeds from about 10-
60 rotations per minute to about
1200-1800 rpm, the rotational
speed required by most generators
to produce power.
Generator-
■ The generator is what converts the turning motion of a wind
turbine's blades into electricity. Inside this component, coils of wire
are rotated in a magnetic field to produce electricity.
■ Different generator designs produce either alternating current (AC)
or direct current (DC), and they are available in a large range of
output power ratings.
■ The generator’s size, is dependent on the length of the wind
turbine's blades because more energy is captured by longer blades.
Controller-
■ Turns the blades on at 8-16 mph and shuts them down around 65 to
prevent any high wind damage.
Tower-
■ Tall tubular metal shaft. The taller the tower, the more power
produced.
Sizes and Applications

Small (10 kW)

• Homes Intermediate
• Farms (10-250 kW)
• Remote Application
• Village Power
• Hybrid Systems

Large (660 kW - 2+MW)

• Central Station Wind Farms
• Distributed Power
Global Status

■ Wind energy has become popular energy worldwide, due

to its clean characteristics and the fact that it prevails
virtually everywhere in the world.
■ The worldwide total cumulative installed electricity generation
capacity from wind power has increased rapidly since the start
of the third millennium, and as of the end of 2020, it amounts to
733 GW.
■ It has been projected that the current global installed
capacity of wind power generation may increase from
the current generation of 733 (2020) to 5800 GW by
2050.
Growth of Wind Energy
Capacity Worldwide
PROS OF WIND POWER
■ It is a renewable resource.
■ Wind power Units are quickly constructed.
■ Wind generators are much smaller in size compared other
types electrical generators.
■ Small size allows wind power to be very versatile.
■ Wind power is a great compliment to a house
with a pre-existing photovoltaic system.
■ Serves as a great backup system.
■ Wind power gives off no harmful emissions
into the environment.
■ Mass production of wind turbines drives down
costs.
• The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to
produce electricity throughout the day.
• Energy output from a wind turbine will vary as the wind varies,
although the most rapid variations will to some extent be
compensated for by the inertia of the wind turbine rotor.
• Wind energy is a domestic, renewable source of energy that
generates no pollution and has little environmental impact. Up to
95 percent of land used for wind farms can also be used for other
profitable activities including farming and forestry.
• The decreasing cost of wind power and the growing interest in
renewable energy sources should ensure that wind power will
become a viable energy source in the United States and
worldwide.
 Houses too close to turbines will be disturbed by their noise
Wind Energy In Pakistan
■ Wind power is a form of renewable energy in Pakistan which
makes up more than 6% of the total electricity production in the
country.
■ As of 2018, wind power capacity in Pakistan was 1,237 MW.
■ The government is looking to increase the share of renewable
energy and plans to add around 3.5 GW of wind energy capacity
by 2018.
■ The Gharo-Jhimpir wind corridor in Sindh was identified as the
most beneficial site for wind power plants.
■ The wind power potential covered an area of 9700 km2 with a
gross wind power potential of 43000 MW.
Jhimpir Wind Power Plant

■ The Jhimpir Wind Power Plant was developed in Jhimpir, Sindh

by Zorlu Energy Pakistan.
■ The total cost of project is $136 million, Completed in 2002, it
has a total capacity of 50 MW.
■ This wind Corridor has a 50000-megawatt potential with
average wind speeds over 7 meter per second.
■ The government has announced upfront tariff of 17 percent
which is highest in the world. There are 14 projects in the
pipeline.
■ Fauji Foundation setup two wind projects (50 MW each)
at Gharo, Thatta District.
■ The Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC)
contractors were Nordex and Descon with Nordex as the
lead contractor.
■ Artistic Energy (Pvt) Ltd. setup 49.3 MW wind power
project in Jhimpir Sindh.
■ The EPC contractor was Hydro-china. Artistic Energy (Pvt)
Ltd was commissioned in March 2018.
■ It consists of 29 Wind turbines1.7 MW each, and having
hub height of 92m, highest hub height in the region.
■ It supplies power to 220 kV Jhimpir New Grid Station.
■ Three Gorges Second Wind Farm Pakistan has started the
operation of 50 MW wind power project in 2018 at Jhimpir,
Sindh.