Sampling

Designs
 • Method of getting a representative portion
Sampling of a population
 Population
The aggregate or total of objects, persons, families, species
or orders of plants or of animals
 • A value calculated from a sample
distribution

Statistic
 • Corresponding value from a
population distribution

Parameter
 • The body of statistical methods concerned
Sampling with the making of statements about
statistics population parameters from sample
statistics
 • It saves time, money and effort
• It is more effective
Advantages • It is faster and cheaper
of Sampling • It is more accurate
• It gives more comprehensive information
 • Sample data involve more care in
preparing detailed
subclassifications
• If sampling plan is not correctly
designed and followed, the results
Limitations may be misleading
• Sampling requires an expert to
of Sampling conduct the study in an area
• The characteristics to be observed
may occur rarely in a population
• Complicated sampling plans are
laborious to prepare
• State the objectives of the survey
• Define the population
• Select the sampling individual
• Locate and select the source list of particular
individuals to be included in the sample Planning a
• Decide the sampling design to be used
• Determine the sample size by using a specific formula
Sample
• Select the method in estimating the reliability of the
sample
Survey
• Test the reliability of the sample in a pilot institution
• Interpret the reliability of the sample
• Scientific Sampling
• Non-scientific Sampling

Two Kinds
of Sampling
 • Restricted random sampling
• Unrestricted random sampling
• Stratified random sampling
Scientific • Systematic sampling
Sampling • Multistage sampling
• Cluster sampling
 • This sampling involves certain
restrictions intended to improve
the validity of the sample
Restricted • This design is applicable only when
random the population being investigated is
homogenous
sampling
 • The best random sampling design
because no restriction is imposed
and every member in the
population has an equal chance
Unrestricted of inclusion in the sample

random
sampling
 • This design divides first the
population into two or more
strata for each stratum, the
sample items are drawn at
Stratified random
random
sampling
 Systematic
sampling
This is a design in which all individuals in
the population are arranged in a
methodical manner
 • This design is done in several stages
• It can be two-stage, three-stage, four-
stage, five-stage, etc. depending on
the number of stages of sampling to
Multistage be used
sampling • In this design, the population
individuals are grouped into a
hierarchy of units, and sampling is
done consecutively
 • In this design, the population is
grouped into clusters or small
units

Cluster
sampling
 • Purposive sampling
• Incidental sampling
• Quota sampling

Nonscientific
Sampling
 • This design is based on choosing
individuals as samples according to
the purposes of the researcher as
his controls
Purposive
sampling
 • This designs is applied to those
samples which are taken because
they are the most available

Incidental
sampling
 • This design is popular in the field of opinion
Quota research because it is done by merely
looking for individuals with the requisite
sampling characteristics
Determination of Sample Size
• SS – Sample size
• N – Total Number of population
• V – The standard value (2.58) per 1 percent of probability with 0.99
reliability
• Se – Sampling error (0.01)
• P – The largest possible proportion (0.50)