Neurons and Nerve

Impulses

- Nandika Arora and Risa

Gaikwad (11 G2)
 Table of
Contents 
• Key Words
• Neurons
I. What are Neurons?
II. Fundamental Components.
III. Types of Nerves.
IV. How do they work?
• Nerve Impulse
I. What is nerve impulse?
II. Stimulus energy and nerve
impulse.
 I. Genetic material- It is a substance/material that carries genetic
information from one generation to the next. DNA forms the genetic
material for most organisms. 

II. Neurotransmitters- They are chemical substances made by

the neuron specifically to transmit a message.

Key words-
III. Electrochemical Signals- Neurons send what are known
as electrochemical signals. Once a neuron has been stimulated by
some sort of stimulus, it generates an electric potential that travels
down the length of the cell.

IV. Myelin- It is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves,

including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein
and fatty substances. 
What are
neurons?
 Fundamental Components

SOMA AXON
• Main body of cell • Axon is a tube-like structure
• It contains the nucleus of that carries electrical
the cell as well as other DENDRITES impulse from the cell body
structures common to • These are branch-like structures that to the axon terminals that
living cells of all types receive messages passes the impulse to
• Allow transmission of messages to another neuron.
the cell body.
Types of Nerves 

Sensory Nerves • Carry information from sense

or Afferent organs to central nervous
Nerves system .

• Carry information from central

Motor Nerves or nervous system to muscles or
Efferent Nerves  glands.
How nerves and neurons work:
Nerve Impulses:
When Lightning Strikes:
This (lightning) amazing cloud-to-surface lightning
occured when a difference in electrical charge built
up in a cloud relative to the ground. When the build
up of charge was great enough, a sudden discharge
of electricity occurred. A nerve impulse
is similar to a lightning strike. Both a nerve impulse
and a lightning strike occur because of differences
in electrical charge, and both result in an electric
current.
How nerve impulse takes
place in our body
 Nerve Impulse and Stimulus
Energy
-When stimulus energy comes into contact with receptors, electrical changes in the nerve potential
start.
-Nerve potential is a sudden change in the electrical potential of the surface of a neuron.

-Weak stimulus energy
-Electric changes are so small
- No nerve impulse is generated
and no stimulus is felt
-stimulus energy is
relatively strong
-electrical impulses are
generated and conducted towards
the central
nervous system.
 and Stimuli Energy

The strength of the nerve impulse remains constant along the nerve fiber as the
nerve fibers work according to the “all or none principle”, which means that
they either respond completely or do not respond at all.
QUESTIONS
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