Coastal Resources

depletion in Bolinao,
Pangasinan
Case Study
 BACKGROUND
Image 1: Satellite image of the Bolinao Bay
Study Area : Bolinao Bay
The coastal waters of Bolinao,
Pangasinan, Philippines experienced
environmental changes over a 10-year
period (1995-2005), the most significant
effect of which was the major fish kill
event in 2002 that coincided with the first
reported Philippine bloom of a
dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum.
Days before the bloom, dissolved oxygen
was < 2.0 mg/l in the waters that were
stratified.
(San Diego-McGlone, M. L., Azanza, R. V.,
Villanoy, C. L., & Jacinto, G. S. 2008)
 SOLUTIONS

Water Quality Testing Program

 Identify Water Quality

Impairments
Alternatives
Recommendation
• Creation of inter-agency
body
 Responsible in
monitoring
 Strict implementation
of 544 fish pens and
cages

• For LGUs
 Implementing
existing laws
 Insure the
accountability of
persons
 References and Citations
• Figures:
1.) https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=eabb6bc66f3b49aa807abeb9d2d74751
• Images
 https://coraldestructionphilippines.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/6/3/48631713/820626252.jpg?572
 https://www.google.com/maps/search/Bolinao+bay+pangasinan/@16.0397212,119.7739026,9z/data=!3m1!4b1
• News:
• https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1284057/bfar-wants-to-relocate-pangasinans-fishpond-zones-after-fishkill
• Magnus Torell and Albert M Salamanca (2002) “Institutional Issues and Perspectives in the
Management of Fisheries and Coastal Resources in Southeast Asia
• Patrick White et al. (2007) “Environmental Monitoring and Modelling of Aquaculture in risk areas of
the Philippines (EMMA)”
• Roseanne V. Ramos and Ariel C. Blanco (2017) “GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN
BOLINAO, PANGASINAN”
• San Diego-McGlone, M. L., Azanza, R. V., Villanoy, C. L., & Jacinto, G. S. (2008). “Eutrophic waters,
algal bloom and fish kill in fish farming areas in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines. Marine Pollution
Bulletin”
Bolinao, Pangasinan
• Most data-rich estuarine systems.
• Major fishing ground and
aquaculture production
• Most extensively developed reef
systems.
• Recent events of fish kills, one
that happened in 2002 and the
latest this May 2020, showed that
there is a need to come up with
efficient planning strategies in
managing the aquaculture units.
Fish Kill Incidents in Bolinao,
Pangasinan

Figure 1. Timeline Bolinao Fish Kills

NEWS HEADLINE
NEWS HEADLINE
 Study Area : Bolinao Bay

In over 10 years, water

quality conditions have
become eutrophic with
ammonia increasing by 56%,
nitrite by 35%, nitrate by
90%, and phosphate by
67%. The addition of more
fish pens and cages placed
additional stress to this
poorly flushed, shallow area
that affected water quality
due to changes in the water
residence.
(Patrick White et al. 2007)

Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

Figure 2. Annual average concentration of nutrients (NH3, NO3,
NO2, PO4), chlorophyll-a, and number of fish pens and cages in
Bolinao, Pangasinan from 1995–2005.
 Study Area : Bolinao Bay

Figure 3. Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly of Bolinao from

Daily Accumulated Precipitation
January 4, 2002 to March 26, 2002
 Study Area : Bolinao Bay

Figure 4. Daily Accumulated Precipitation

Standards
 Study Area : Bolinao Bay

WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY PARAMETERS

Parameter Unit
Standard Bolinao Bay Remarks
(Class SB) 2002

Dissolved
Oxygen mg/L 6 2 Failed
(Minimum)

Temperature C 26-30 27 Passed

Ammonia mg/L 0.5 0.0036 Failed

Nitrate mg/L 20 3 Failed
Phosphate mg/L 0.5 0.5 Passed
Figure 5 . Standards based on Water Quality Guidelines and Effluent Standards and its
Implementation in the Philippines