CENTURION UNIVERSITY, BOLANGIR

NAME-SMITA SAHU
TOPIC-Finding Rank of a Matrix
REGISTRATION NO-200604110002
2nd SEMESTER
 Contents
⬩ Rank of a matrix
⬩ Properties of rank of a matrix
⬩ Methods of finding rank of a matrix
⬩ Minor method of finding rank of a matrix
⬩ Echelon form of finding rank of a matrix
⬩ Example

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Rank of a Matrix
⬩ The rank of the matrix can be defined in the following two
ways:
⬩ "Rank of the matrix refers to the highest number of linearly
independent columns in a matrix“.

"Rank of the matrix refers to the highest number of linearly

independent rows in the matrix"
⬩ Our result will be equivalent, whether we use the
column vectors or the row vectors of the matrix
.

to calculate the rank. Hence, we can say that

the number of linearly independent rows or
columns represents the rank of a matrix.
⬩  

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Properties of rank of the matrix
⬩ Rank refers to finding column rank or row rank collectively Known
as the rank of a matrix.
⬩ Zero matrices has no non zero row. Hence it has a independent row
or column . So the rank of the zero matrix is zero.
⬩ When the rank equals the smallest dimension It is called full rank
matrix.

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How to find Rank of a Matrix
Let A be a matrix of order m×n. A positive integer r is said to be the
rank of matrix A if:
⬩ Matrix A have at least one r-rowed minor which is different from
zero.
⬩ Every (r+1) row minor of matrix A is zero.
Let A is a matrix and B be it’s sub matrix of order r
, then the determinant is called an r-rowed matrix of A.

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Methods of finding Rank of a Matrix
⬩ Minor Method
⬩ Echelon Form

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Finding rank of a matrix by minor method
1. If a matrix contains at least one non-zero element, then rank of A is
greater than or equal to 1.
2. The rank of the identity matrix I of order n is n.
3. If the rank of matrix A is r, then there exists atleast one minor of order
r which does not vanish. Every minor of matrix A of order (r + 1) and
higher order (if any) vanishes.
4. If A is a matrix of order m×n, then rank of A is less than or equal to
min {m, n}.
5. A Square matrix A of order n has to inverse if and only if rank of A=n.
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Finding rank of a matrix using echelon form
1. The first element of every non-zero element should be one.
2. The row in which every element is zero, then that row should be below
the non zero rows.
3. Total number of zeroes in the Next non-zero rows should be more than
the number of zeroes in the previous non-zero rows..
By elementary operations we can easily bring the matrix to the echelon
form.

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• Note :
The rank of a matrix does not change if we
perform the following elementary row
operations :
1. Two rows are interchanged
2. A row is multiplied by a non-zero constant
3. A constant multiple of another row is added to
a given row

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Solved Problem :
Ques: Find the rank of a matrix using the echelon form.
.

Sol:First we will convert the given matrix into Echelon form and then
find a number of non-zero rows.
The order of A is 3×3. Hence rank of A is less than or equal to 3

Convert R2 to R2 – 2R1 and R3 to R3 - 3R1

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⬩ Again convert R3 to R3 - R2

⬩ Now the above matrix is in echelon form. In this number non-

zero rows is 2. Hence rank of matrix A is 2.

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.

Thank You

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