CFD PPT Unit 1..

BANSILLA RAMNATH AGARWAL CHARITABLE TRUST’S
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF ECHNOLOGY

(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGNEERIN)
AN POWeR POINT ON
“ COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS , SUBJECT CODE :- ME5303 ”
“REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS & HEAT TRANSFER, PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION ”
SUBMITTED BY
(LEADER) PATIL AVANTI , ROLL NO :- 14
IKHAR TEJAL , ROLL NO :- 08
GADHAVE SHUBHAM , ROLL NO :- 05
IN POST GRADUATE F.Y. M.TECH
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF.(Dr.) SUNIL SHINDE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 – 2021 (SEMESTER I)
Monday, 08-Mar-2021 1
CONTENTS
SR. NO. TITLE SLIDE. NO.
1
Continuity Equation 3-7
2
Navier Stokes Equation 8-13
3
Principles of conservation 14-17
4
Energy Equation 18-23
5
Kinetic & Internal Energy Equation 24-25
6
The Reynold’s Transport Theorem 26-3
Continuity Equation
 Continuity Equation Cartesian framework in coordinate system :-
Net efflux g mass along
X- direction ( ) ……….
Y- direction (
Z- direction (
If we look of rate of change of mass
Change of mass = flow rate
 =
General from of the continuity equation in the cartesian coordination system
Mass in a control rate free form eq. 1
So, now we can define what is called as a total derivation for any variable for ex.
free .Total derivation D , D (t ,x ,y ,z) position Total derivation as in term y
of partial derivative.
 Represent a partial derivatives of with respect to t with represent to x , y , z &
This equation write in co-ordinate free format
This is continuity equation.
Navier stokes equation
 Linear momentum balance. (there are 3 equation one for each direction)
The equation for the X direction
Just to recall ,LHS have transistent term, the connection term, RHS have all the forces
the body force because of gravity & than surface forces namely pressure & than the
viscous stresses.
we using Newton's low of viscosity – Homogeneous, isotropic, linear viscous fluid.

*assumption added to the restrict only to incompressible flow, the Newton's low
viscosity
We have 6 equations but we require only 3 equation because there are only 3
component y appearing in X- direction linear momentum balance.
So, we will have 3 terms substitute the Newton’s low of viscosity & the simplify
We add one more assumption, that viscosity is a constant take this out
of the derivative
 viscosity is constant
 3 terms which represented that not viscous force on the RHS, get simplified to
this term
X- direction
Y- direction
Z- direction
 We know that we had linear momentum balance one for each direction so, similarly we have
the navier stokes eqution also for one each direction similarly for the z direction.
Vector notation the LHS
change to
Similarly , we have other direction
 Now, we can compare the differential total mass balance & the line momentum
balance equation
Differential total mass balance equation
Differential linear momentum balance equation in terms of the Navier

stoke equation
Navier stoke equation
Principles of Conservation
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Mass

The conservation of mass relation for closed system undergoing a change is

expressed as =constant or /which is the statement that the mass of the system
remains constant during a process.
Mass balance for a control volume (CV) in rate form :
Conservation of mass: c =
the total rates of mass flow rate

and into and out of the control volume
the rate of changes of mass within the

/dt volume boundaries
Conservation of momentum
Momentum: The product of the mass and the velocity of a
body is called the momentum of the body.
The momentum of a rigid body of mass m moving with a
velocity V
is mV.
Conservation of momentum principle : The momentum of
a system remains constant only when the net force acting
on it is zero,and thus the momentum of such systems is
conserved.
Conservation of energy

The conservation of energy principle (the energy balance):The net energy transfer to or from a system during a process be equal to the
change in the energy content of the system.

Energy can be transferred to or from a closed system by heat or work.
Control volumes also involve energy transfer via mass flow.
the total rates of energy transfer into

and out of the control volumes
Conservation of energy :
the rate of change of energy within

the control volume boundaries
𝐸˙ 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸˙ 𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝐷𝐸 𝐶𝑉
𝑑𝑡
Energy Equation

The energy equation is derived from the first law of thermodynamics

which states that the rate of change of energy of a fluid particle is
equal to the rate of heat addition to the fluid particle plus the rate of
work done on the particle.
 Rate of increase of energy
 Energy E = i + (
Here, i is the internal (thermal energy).
( is the kinetic energy
 We will derive the energy equation by setting the total derivation
equal to the change in energy as a result of work done by viscous
stresses and the net heat conduction.
Work done by surface stresses in x-direction
Work done by surface stresses

The
total rate of work done by surface stresses is calculated as
follows:
- For work done by x-components of stresses add all terms in the
previous slide.
- Do the same for the y- and z-components .
Add all and divide by xyto get the work done per unit volume
by the surface stresses:
-div(pu) + + + +
+ + + + +
Energy flux due to heat conduction
The heat flux vector q has three components,, , and .

Energy flux due to heat conduction

Summing all terms and dividing bygives the net rate of heat transfer to

the fluid particle per unit volume:
- - - = -div q
 Fourier’ law of heat conduction relates the heat flux to the local
temperature gradient:
= - k= - k= - k
 In vector form: q = -k grad T
 Thus, energy flux due to conduction:
 This is the final form used in the energy equation.
-div q = div (k grad T)
Energy Equation

Setting
the total derivative for the energy in a fluid particle equal to
the previously derived work and energy flux terms, results in the
following energy equation:
= -div(u) + + + +
+ + + + +
+div (k grad T ) +
 Note that we also added a source term that includes sources
(potential energy , sources due to heat production from chemical
reactions , etc).
Kinetic energy equation


Separately
, we can derive a conservation equation for the kinetic
energy of the fluid.

In order to do this , we multiply the u-momentum equation by u,
the v-momentum equation by v,and the w-momentum equation
by w. We then add the results together.

This results in the following equation for the kinetic energy:
= -u.grad p+u + +
+v ++ +w ++ + u.
Internal energy equation
Subtract
 the kinetic energy equation from the energy equation.
 Define a new source term for the internal energy as
. This results in :
+ + +
+ + + + +
+div (k grad T)+
The Reynold’s Transport Theorem
 A general relationship that converts the laws such as mass
conservation and Newton’s 2nd law from the system to the
control volume.
 Most principles of the fluid mechanics, where the physical

laws dealing with the time rates of change of extensive
properties are expressed for system.
 There is a need to relate the changes in a control volume to

the changes in system.
Control System - The collection of mass particles is the control
system eg. The bucket full of water can be considered as control
system.
Control Volume – The region or space for analysis is the control
volume. The space covered by the bucket can be considered as
control volume.
We will take B as general symbol of fluid property i.e

B= { Momentum, Angular Momentum,
Total Energy, Total Volume , Total mass}
We will take β as the specific property of fluid = B/m

Control system and volume system at t+dt
......RTT at time “t”
REYNOLD’S TRANSPORT THEOREM
A B C
The physical meaning of these terms are-
A. The total rate of change of any arbitrary extensive property

B of the system.
B. The time rate of change of the arbitrary extensive property
B within the control volume.
C. The net rate of flux of the extensive property through the
control surface.
References
1. www.nptelvideos.in
2. Mod-01 Lec-03 Continuity Equation (NPTL-NOC IITM).
3. Navier Stokes Equation (NPTL-NOC IITM).
4. H.K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera ., An Introduction to
computational fluid dynamics ,pp. 11-17 , 1995.
5. John D. Anderson ,J R , Computational fluid dynamics ,
pp. 60-66 , 1995.
6. https://youtu.be/lbWsh-wvsQg (Amit Mandal lecture)
7. slideshare.net/NeerajJain22/reynold’s-transport-theorem
Thank You

CFD PPT Unit 1..

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BANSILLA RAMNATH AGARWAL CHARITABLE TRUST’S

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF ECHNOLOGY

IN POST GRADUATE F.Y. M.TECH

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF.(Dr.) SUNIL SHINDE

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 – 2021 (SEMESTER I)

If we look of rate of change of mass

General from of the continuity equation in the cartesian coordination system

Mass in a control rate free form eq. 1

This equation write in co-ordinate free format

This is continuity equation.

we using Newton's low of viscosity – Homogeneous, isotropic, linear viscous fluid.

Vector notation the LHS

Differential total mass balance equation

Differential linear momentum balance equation in terms of the Navier

Navier stoke equation

Mass balance for a control volume (CV) in rate form :

the total rates of mass flow rate

the rate of changes of mass within the

the total rates of energy transfer into

the rate of change of energy within

The heat flux vector q has three components,, , and .

 Most principles of the fluid mechanics, where the physical

 There is a need to relate the changes in a control volume to

We will take B as general symbol of fluid property i.e

We will take β as the specific property of fluid = B/m

The physical meaning of these terms are-

A. The total rate of change of any arbitrary extensive property

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