SKEWNESS

Prepared by:

ALMA V. AGNAS
LENY R. OLITOQUIT
 Content
• What is skewness?
• Types of skewness.
• Graphical represantation
• Methods to find skewness.
• Karl Pearson’s Coefficient
• Example with solution.
• Applications.
 What is skewness?
• Skewness is a measure that refers to
the extent of symmetry or asymmetry
in a distribution.
• Skewness is asymmetry in a statistical
distribution, in which the curve appears
distorted or skewed either to the left or to
the right.
• Skewness can be quantified to define
the extent to which a distribution differs
from a normal distribution.
 Types of skewness

• Negative skew: If the curve has a longer tail

towards the left, it is said to be negatively
skewed.
• Positively skew: If the curve has a longer tail
towards the left, it is said to be negatively
skewed.
 Graphical presentation

#As we can see when mode, median and

mode are equal the curve is symmertrical.
#While when the  is 0.25 the
skewness is negative.
 Methods to find skewness

• Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of

Skewness.
• Groeneveld & Meeden’s Coefficient.
• Medcouple.
• Bowley’s measure of skewness
(Yule’s Coefficent)
 Karl Pearson’s Coefficient
• Karl pearson’s coefficient of skewness
(Mode) is denoted by Sk, is given by,
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
Sk =
𝑆
𝑛𝑜𝑎𝑡𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑

• Karl pearson’s coefficient of skewness

(Median) is denoted by Sk, is given by,
3(𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)
Sk =
𝑆
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑎𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝐷
𝑣𝑖𝑒
 Example
# Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of
skewness for the following data:

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y 12 17 29 19 8 4 1 0
 Solution

Let a=4 be the assumed mean.

d = x – a = x -4
x f d d2 fd fd2
0 12 -4 16 -48 192
1 17 -3 9 -51 153
2 29 -2 4 -58 116
3 19 -1 1 -19 19
4 8 0 0 0 0
5 4 1 1 4 4
6 1 2 4 2 4
7 0 3 9 0 0
f = 90 fd = - fd2 = 488
170
 Solution

N =f = 90

𝑑𝑓
𝑥= 𝑎+ 𝑁
170
= 4-
= 2.11 90
2
fd2 2 − 170
= − = 488 =
fd
𝑁 𝑁 90 − 90
1.36
 Solution
Since the maximum frequency is 29, the mode
is 2.

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
Sk =

2.11−2
=
1.36
= 0.08
Hence the graph will
asymmetrical.
 Applications
• Skewness has benefits in many areas.
Many models assume normal distribution;
i.e., data are symmetric about the mean.
• But in reality, data points may not be
perfectly symmetric. So, an understanding
of the skewness of the dataset indicates
whether deviations from the mean are
going to be positive or negative.
 Applications
• Skewness is used in data handling such
as in stock market the with the factors like
skewness, variance , covariance are
used to predict the market.
• So, the skewness can be used in any data
to find how the data is differing from the
mean.