THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY

SAW DUST ASH IN CONSTRUCTIONAL WORKS

PROJECT BY:
GUIDED BY:
K.HARIHARASUDHAN(08B15)
Ms.A.K.PRIYA M.E
M.S.SHYAM SUNDAR(08B47)
N.VIJAYKISHEN(08B59)
 INTRODUCTION

Utilization of waste materials and byproducts is a partial

solution to environmental and ecological problems.
Use of these materials not only helps in getting them
utilized in cement, concrete and other construction
materials, it helps in reducing the cost of cement and
concrete manufacturing.
 AIM

The main aim of the project is to utilize the abundantly

generated waste by products effectively .
In this project such waste material used as a replacement
of cement, thereby developing eco-friendly structures with
the reduction in cost of construction.
 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

The identified sample is Saw dust Ash(SDA) .

These is a burnt residues of wood which is abundantly
available in local area and possess a serious threat to
environment.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

“Development of sawdust for concrete making”

-Dr.R.Sri Ravindrarajah Centre for Infrastructure research,
Sydney, Australia.
This paper mainly deals with the use of saw dust ash for making
concrete blocks.
The results obtained by him are satisfactory to use saw dust ash.
Even though the results are satisfactory he implies the future studies
have to be made in this field.
“Characteristics of wood ash /OPC concrete”
-M.Abdullahi, civil engineering department, Federal university
of technology, Nigeria.

His study presents the behaviour of wood ash / OPC concrete.

Compressive strength of wood ash / OPC concrete it increases with
age at curing with optimum replacement of cement by wood ash of
20%. He also insisted that,
The chemical composition of wood ash fell below the standard for
pozzolana.
The water requirement increases as wood ash content increases.
 SAMPLE COLLECTION

Sample for sawdust is locally available in and around

Madurai city.
 CEMENT

Ordinary Portland cement(OPC) of grade 53 has

been used for conducting various tests on the mixed
proportion of cement and ash.
The specific gravity of cement used is 2.97
 CEMENT : ASH - PROPORTIONS FOR TESTS

The substitution content , in mass of cement by saw

dust will be 10%, 20%, 30%,40%. The results obtained will
be compared and analyzed.
 TESTS ON SDA

Specific gravity of SDA = 1.98

Silica content in SDA = 45%
CONSISTENCY VALUES
 INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIMES:

The initial and final setting times of cement are found out
using Vicat’s apparatus.
The water required for mixing is 0.85 times the water
required for obtaining a paste of standard consistency.
INITIAL SETTING TIME VALUES:

Replacement of OPC Initial Setting Time

by SDA (%) (min)

0 43

10 48

20 53

30 69

40 81
FINAL SETTING TIME VALUES:

Replacement of OPC Final Setting Time

(%) (min)

0 300

10 325

20 345

30 410

40 430
 The initial and final setting times
increases with increase in wood ash
content.
 The exothermic reaction between
cement and water result into liberation
of heat and evaporation of water and
eventually hardening of the paste
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST ON
CEMENT-ASH MIXTURE

 The compressive strength of the cement ash mixture is

found out by casting mortar cubes each of size 7.07cm X
7.07cm. (sectional area 50cm2 ).
 A 1:3 proportion of cement and sand are taken in which
cement is partially replaced by various proportions of saw
dust ash.
 Amount of water to be is added is calculated based on the
formula
Water = (P/4+3.5)percent of combined weight of
cement and sand
 For each and every proportions of cement-SDA three
cubes were casted and they were tested in UTM for their
compressive strengths.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES
(at the end of 7 days)

Replacement of OPC Compressive strength

by SDA (%) values(N/mm2)

0% 32.2

10% 28.5

20% 30.5

30% 27

40% 22
 Graph showing compressive strength of various specimens:
 The mix containing 20% wood ash had higher strength than that
containing 10% wood ash at 7 days.
 This was due to the fact that the silica provided by 10% wood ash
was inadequate to react with the calcium hydroxide produced by
the hydration of cement.
 Increase in wood ash content beyond 20% resulted in a reduction
in strength at 7 days .
 In this case the silica present in the mix was in excess of the
amount required to combine with the calcium hydroxide from the
hydrating cement. The excess silica had no pozzolanic value but
only served as filler.
 SOUNDNESS TEST ON CEMENT - ASH
MIXTURE
 Since the compressive strength values are greater for the
specimen of 20% ash replacement, soundness test is
conducted only for 0%, 10% 20% replacement of
cement – Ash mixture.
 SOUNDNESS VALUES:

Replacement Initial Final

reading reading Expansion
Sl.No of OPC by
(mm)
SDA (%) (mm) (mm)
1 0 12 14 2
2 10 12 14 2
3 20 12 15 3

 Since the expansion values are well below the limit (10mm), the
mixture is sound in nature for all proportions of SDA
 LEACHABILITY TEST ON MORTAR CUBES:

Due to the addition of waste materials in cement there is a

possibility of the structure being affected by some chemicals
in the waste material.
Here leachability of chloride and sulphate has been tested
on 0% & 20% replacement of SDA, and the results were
found to be satisfactory.
DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE CONTENT:

Replacement of OPC Sulphate

by SDA (%) (mg/l)

0 7.73
20 20.13

 Allowable limit for sulphate in water is 400mg/l.

DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE CONTENT:

Replacement of OPC Chloride

by SDA (%) (mg/l)

0 75.68

20 85.20

 Allowable limit for chloride in water is 2000mg/l.

 CONCLUSION

 The enormous amount of waste produced during the

cutting process of wood in many countries provides
challenging opportunities for the use of Saw Dust Ash
which contain cementitious or pozzolanic properties;
they can serve as a partial replacement of cement.
 This proves to be more effective, efficient and
economical way of disposing a waste material without
making any negative impact on the environment.
 Therefore future studies have to be made on this for
improving the quality of construction in a very
affordable manner.
 REFERRED JOURNALS

Potentiality of sewage sludge ash as mineral additive in

cement mortar and high performance concrete.
Effect of Fly ash as partial replacement with cemento' by
C.Freeda Chirsty & D.Tensing.
Concrete technology by M.S.Shetty
Characteristics of wood ash/OPC concret.
IS codes used:

 IS 1727 – 1967
 IS 456-2000