ACID CARBOXYLIC BEÙO VAØ DAÃN CHAÁT

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1.Goïi teân

CH 3 (CH 2)2 COOH HOOC CH 2 COOH HOOC (CH 2)3 COOH

Acid butyric Acid malonic Acid glutaric
butanoic propandioic 1,5-pentandioic

HOOC (CH 2)2 COOH HOOC CH CH COOH (CH 3)2C CH CH 2 COOH

Acid succinic Acid butendioic 4-methyl-3-pentenoic
butandioic

ClCH 2 CH 2 COCl (CH 3)2CH COOC2H 5 CH 3 CH 2 CO N(CH 3)2

Acid 2-chloropropanoylchlorid Ethylisobutyrat N,N-dimethylpropionamid
Acid β-chloropropionylchlorid ethylisobutanoat N,N-dimethylpropanamid

O O
(CH 3)2CH C N O O
Isopropylcyanid O O
Isobutyronitril Anhydrid phthalic Anhydridsuccinic
isobutanonitril
2
 Cl
NH Diclofenac
CH 2 Cl
COOH
Acid 2-[2’(2”,6”-dichlorophenylamino)]phenylacetic

C CH 2CH 2COOH Fenbuten

O

4-oxo-4-p-biphenylbutanoic

Bufexamac
C3H 7 C CH 2CH 2COOH
O
4(4’-propylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic

3
 Cl
C CH 2CH 2COOH Acid butoxic
O

4(3’-chloro-4’-cyclohexylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic

(CH 3)2CHCH 2 CH COOH

CH 3 Ibuprofen

Acid 2-methyl-2-(4’-isobutylphenyl)acetic

CH COOH

C CH 3 Ketoprofen
O

Acid 2-methyl-2-(3’-benzoylphenyl) acetic

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2. Vieát coâng thöùc caùc hôïp chaát
CH 3
O CH 3 C N
CH 2 CH COOH CH 3 C C 2H 5
Br O
acid propenoic acetylbromid N-methyl-N-ethylacetamid

O
CH 2 CH C N (CH 3)2CH C (CH 3CH 2CO)2O
Cl
Acrylonitril isobutyrylclorid Anhydrid propionic

O
O C (CF3CO)2O
CH 3CH 2C N Br
NHBr
C Anhydrid trifluoroacetic
N-bromopropionamid O
N-bromosuccinimid

(CH 3)2CH CH COOH HS CH 2 CH COOH

NH 2 NH 2
Acid -aminoisovaleric Acid -amino--thiolpropionic
5
 HO CH 2 CH COOH (CH 3)2CH CH 2 COOH
NH 2
Acid -amino--(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid isovaleric

COOH
CH 3
H OH CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH COOH
CH 3 C CH 2 COOH H OH NH 2 OH NH 2
CH 3
COOH
Acid ,-diamino--hydroxycaproic
Acid ,-dimethylbutyric Acid mesotartric

CH 2 COOH
CH 3 CH COOH
HO C COOH
OH
CH 2 COOH
Acid lactic
Acid citric

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3. Ñieàu cheá caùc acid töø alcol 4 carbon (hay ít hôn) vaø ester malonic hoaëc pp
khaùc:

a. Acid valeric PCl5

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2Cl

KCN
+
H2O/H
CH 3(CH 2)3COOH CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CN
Hoaëc:

PCl5
CH 3CH 2CH 2OH CH 3CH 2CH 2Cl

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH(COOC2H 5)2

COOC2H 5 COOC2H 5
C2H5O +
CH 2 CH H2O/H
COOC2H 5 COOC2H 5
CH 3CH 2CH 2CH(COOH)2
o
CO2 t
CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2COOH

Acid valeric 7
b. Töông töï vôùi acid (CH 3)2CH CH 2 COOH
isovaleric
+
PCl5 KCN H2O/H (CH 3)2CH CH 2 COOH
(CH 3)2CH CH 2 OH

Hoaëc:
COOC 2H5
CH2 + o

(CH 3)2CH OH PCl5 COOC 2H5 H2O/H t (CH 3)2CHCH 2COOH

CO2
C2H5O

c.Acid -methylbutyric

PCl5 KCN
CH 3 CH 2 CH OH CH 3 CH 2 CH Cl CH 3 CH 2 CH CN
CH3 CH 3 CH3
+
H2O/H

CH 3CH 2CHCOOH
CH 3
Acid -methylbutyric
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d.
I2 / P
CH 3OH CH 3I

PCl5
CH 3 CH CH 2 OH (CH 3)2CH CH 2 Cl
CH 3

COOC2H5 C2H5O
COOC2H 5 (CH3)2CH CH2 Cl
CH 2 CH (CH3)2CHCH2CH(COOC2H 5)2
COOC2H5 COOC2H 5

C2H5O CH3I
(CH 3)2CHCH 2C(COOC2H 5) (CH 3)2CHCH 2C(COOC2H 5)2
CH 3

+ o
H2O/H
(CH3)2CHCH 2C(COOH)2 t (CH 3)2CHCH 2CHCOOH
CO2
CH 3 CH 3

Acid 2,4-dimethylpentanoic

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e.

CH 3
PCl5
CH 3 CH OH (CH 3)3C Cl
CH 3

COOC2H 5 C2H5O
COOC2H 5 (CH3)3C Cl
CH 2 CH (CH 3)3CCH(COOC2H 5)2
COOC2H 5 COOC2H 5
+
H2O/H
o

(CH 3)3CCH 2COOH t (CH 3)3CCH(COOH)2

CO2
Acid ,-dimethylbutyric

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4. Ñieàu cheá acid acrylic töø etylen

+
CH 2 CH2 Cl2 CH 2 CH Cl KCN CH 2 CH CN H2O/H
CH2 CH COOH
200 600OC

hoaëc:

HBr Mg/ete khan CO2

CH 2 CH 2 CH 3CH 2Br CH 3CH 2MgBr CH 3CH2COOMgBr
+
H2O/H Br2/P KOH/alcol
CH 3CH2COOH CH3CHBrCOOH CH 2 CH COOH

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5. Ñieàu cheá acetonitril vaø vieát
p/öù
O P2O5
CH 3 C CH3 C N
H2O
NH 2

NaOH dd +
CH 3COONa NH 3

CH 3 C N
RMgX H2O
CH 3 C NMgX CH 3 C O
R R

H2/Ni
CH 3CH 2NH 2

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