INTEGRATION OF

UNMANNED
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
Into the New York Terminal Area

Christopher Kennedy
Anthony Peri
INTRODUCTION
 Integration of Unmanned Aerial
Systems (UAS) into the National
Airspace System (NAS)
 Plans for UAS in New York Area
 Create a set of regulations specific
to UAS to match that of manned
aircraft
 Least intrusive to current policies,
efficiency, and safety
 Utilise current and future
technologies and plans
 Broader utilisation of UAS
 Security, cartography, photography,
weather, commercial
 HISTORY OF UAS
 Used in warfare for over a century
 Bombs attached to balloons (Pre-
20th Century)
 Radio controlled drones for anti-
aircraft training (WWII)
 Reconnaissance drones (Vietnam
War)
 Full-sized combat drones
(Operation Iraqi Freedom)
 More domestic applications
 Border patrol, search and rescue,
surveillance, etc.
NEXTGEN UAS INTEGRATION PLANS
 Next Generation Air
Transportation System (NextGen)
 Rely on satellite technology
for navigation and collision
avoidance
 increase efficiency/accuracy
and decrease costs
 integration of UAS must
comply with future
environment of NextGen
 NW approach RNAV 22L EWR
8000
7500
7000
f(x) = 189.31 x + 18
6500 R²
R² =
= 11
6000
5500
5000
Altitude (ft)

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Distance from airport (nm)

 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INTEGRATION
PLANS
Department of Defense (DoD) Plans
DoD leads UAS integration
Wide operations of UAS, National regulation of
aircraft and pilot
Partnership with FAA, NASA, Homeland Security,
etc.
Outlined points for integration set with DoD and
FAA regulations
Aircraft must be certified, pilots must be qualified,
and flights must be in compliance with current
procedures
UAS TECHNOLOGY
 UAS Operations
 A ground control Station, UAV, Satellite Uplink, and satellite
relay
 Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)
 Satellite-based system overhaul of NAS
 Transponder
 Emits identifying signal in response to a received signal
 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-broadcast
 Aircraft Tracking through satellite navigation
 Key element of NextGen
 Required for most aircraft by 2020
New York Terminal Area and Class B Airspace
UAS AIRSPACE DESIGN
 The airspace around New York City is very complex due to a large
amount of private and commercial air traffic.

 After Comparing four airspace proposals, a Special Flight Rules Area

with UAS transient routes was adopted, as it fit with the majority of
manned flight operations in the New York Area.

 This design features two E-W routes and one N-S route to transit the
airspace with minimal controller contact.

 A corridor will be set up for UAS operations 3 NM wide by 2000 ft in

altitude. This will allow free flight while remaining clear of other
traffic.
UAS INTEGRATION AIRSPACE
DESIGN
SAFETY AND SECURITY
CONSIDERATIONS
 New York Terminal Area contains three of the busiest airports in the
nation, multiple commercial ports, and New York City.
 UAS routes and special flight rules area was designed to mitigate
threats and hazards while flight of UAS is conducted in this airspace.
 Air traffic control must be notified of any course deviations by PIC of
UAS system before entering SFRA from transient corridor.
 All unmanned aircraft within the lateral boundaries of New York Class
B VFR airspace must maintain contact with approach control.
 If within the transient corridor, UAS does not need to maintain contact,
but must continue to squawk a designated corridor transponder code.
 Alternate Design Matrix
IFR traffic Interference

Airspace Changes required 10 residential impact

ATC controller responsibility System Safety

Design 4
Design 3
0 Design 2
Design 1

Emergency Procedures System Security

UAS airport access VFR Traffic Alterations

Continuity with existing system

CONCLUSION
 UAS Integration specific to the
New York Terminal Area is possible
with expected NextGen technology.
 IFR traffic and controller workload
will not be impacted with the
addition of UAS in the proposed
manner
 VFR traffic will still be required to
be in contact with air traffic control
when in Class B airspace, will be
vectored clear of UAS transit
routes.