Drawings

(Some Types)

Portraits
Botanical Drawings ( human faces,
Nature Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.) expressions etc.)
( landscape, Geographical
scenery etc.) Zoological Drawings
Drawings Engineering Drawings,
(creatures, animals etc.)
( maps etc.) (projections.)

Building Related Drawings. Machine component Drawings

Orthographic Projections Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)

(Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms) or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term)
(Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms)
(Working Drawings 2-D type) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 1

 To be specific
Engineering Drawing
it is a
is an

Projection

Image Of object on Screen

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 2

 PROJECTION THEORY
• The projection theory is Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between
used to graphically
represent an observer’s eye and an object.
• 3-D objects on 2-D
media There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge
(paper, computer screen)

The projection theory is

based on two variables:
1) Line of sight
2) Plane of projection
(image plane or
picture plane)

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 3

 PLANES OF PROJECTION
• Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane on which the image is created.

• The image is
produced by
connecting the
points where
LOS pierce the
projection plane

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 4

 Orthographic projection

• Orthographic
projection is a
parallel projection
technique
• in which the
parallel lines of
sight are
perpendicular to
the projection
plane

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 5

 Realising the need for Multi-view Drawing
• Looking at adjacent Single view of
a school bus –
• List out limitations of single view

• Adjacent figure points out –

• 3-D view is useful in visualising
overall shape of Bus
• But it doesn’t show the viewer-
all of the sides;
or the true Dimensions- length /
width / height
of the Bus
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 6
 SOLUTION Multiple-view Drawing
• Get views from different directions
• 6 principal views are obtained by
looking at the object,
straight on,
in directions indicated

• Arrange these view in specific manner

• So that one can visualise the 3D object by co-
relating the views with one another

End Result is
A Technique used to present a
3-Dimensional object as a
group of related 2-Dimensional views
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 7
 SOLUTION Multi-view Drawing
• Get views from different directions Six principal views:
• 6 principal views are obtained by
looking at the object,
straight on,
in directions indicated

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 8

 Orthographic views represent different sides of an object

Front View Side View

Top View

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 9

Understanding arrangement for obtaining Multiple - views

•Views from different

directions
• Separate Planes of
projection

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 10

 Projection Planes for Orthographic views

• Mutually
perpendicular Planes
of Projection;
• V.P. and H.P.

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 11

 Auxiliary plane for Side views

• 3rd projection plane

called as Auxiliary
Plane is introduced for
obtaining SIDE Views;

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 12

 1st Auxiliary plane for Side views

• this new plane is

termed as Aux. V. P.
or Profile plane P.P.;

.
iew
ev
sid
Left
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 13
 2nd Auxiliary plane for Side views

• we need 2 profile
planes;

Right s
ide vie
w.

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 14

 Reference Line XY

• intersection between
Vertical plane and
Horizontal plane
results into line termed
as Reference line XY

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 15

 Methods of Projection

• 3-D space
divided into
4 quadrants

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 16

 Developing further - Glass Box concept

• each of the Quadrant

is considered to be
Glass (transparent)
box;

• Object placed within

this box.
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 17
 Obtaining the Orthographic views

1. Object is assumed
to be placed in One
of the Quadrant
2. Observer takes
position;

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 18

 VP
2 nd
Quad. 1ST Quad.

Y
Observer

X Y HP
X

3rd Quad. 4th Quad.

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 19

 First angle method of projection

1. Object placed in
1st quadrant;

2. Object is
positioned above
HP and in front of
VP.
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 20
Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 21
 Third angle method of projection

1. Object placed in 3rd

quadrant;

2. Object is
positioned bellow
HP and behind VP.

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 22

 Third angle method of projection

1. Both VP and HP
are assumed to be
transparent and
images are
obtained

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 23

 Third angle method of projection

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 24

 1st angle vs 3rd angle methods of projection

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 25

 1st angle vs 3rd angle methods of projection

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Projection Concept 26

 Reference Books: CAED

THANK YOU

Prof. A S darur Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Introduction 27