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Tectonic Activity Plates
Tectonic Activity Plates
Plates
– Tectonic Plates
– Convection Currents
– Destructive Plate Boundaries
– Constructive Plate Boundaries
– Conservative Plate Boundaries
– Summary
Tectonic Plates
As the oceanic plate goes deeper into the mantle, increased temperature and friction cause it to
melt creating a subduction zone.
Newly molten rock is lighter than the surrounding rock so it rises through the crust towards the
surface.
If molten rock (magma) reaches the earth’s surface, it may spread out along a fault line or it
may erupt at a single point as a volcano.
An example of an oceanic plate colliding with a continental plate is where the Pacific Plate is
moving towards the South American Plate at a rate of 9 cms per year.
Destructive Plate Boundaries 2 – (aka Convergent or Compressional)
b) Continental plate colliding with a continental plate
When continental plates collide, they crumple and create fold mountains
Example: the North American plate moving away from the Eurasian plate formed the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge and created Iceland through volcanic activity.
Plate Boundaries – Conservative (aka Passive) plates
When two tectonic plates slide past each other without creating or destroying any land they
form a conservative plate boundary.
The plates often get stuck as they try to move past each other due to friction. Over time this
builds up great pressure until finally they jolt past each other. The sudden movement
causes an earthquake which may be violent and cause great damage.
Example: the San Andreas Fault where the N. American Plate meets the Pacific Plate
Summary
• Plates are sections of the Earth’s crust that float on top of the mantle
• There are two types of plate - Oceanic & Continental
• Convection currents cause the plates to move
• Oceanic colliding with a Continental (destructive) = deep open trench, possible volcanic
eruptions
• Continental colliding with a Continental (destructive) = fold mountains formed
• Oceanic colliding with an Oceanic (destructive) = Island Arc system formed
• Plates moving apart (constructive plate boundaries) = mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes and
earthquakes can result
• Plates sliding past each other (conservative plate boundaries) = no landforms but they
can cause damaging earthquakes