MACHINE ELEMENT

II
NATURE OF CONTACT
When the driving member of a mechanism
is in direct contact with the driven piece
the bodies constituting the driver and the
follower (driven member) are either in
pure rolling contact or there must be
sliding between the surfaces in contact.
SLIDING CONTACT: ANGULAR SPEED RATIO
 In

the first and of the most important cases to be
studied the driver and the follower are turning about
axes that are fixed in position relative to each other.
(Step by step process as discuss)
This relation between the angular speed is extremely
important. Stated in word it is a follows; when one
piece drives another by direct sliding contact, the
angular speeds of the two pieces are in the inverse
ratio of the segments into which the common normal
to the two contacting surfaces cut the line of segment.
PITCH POINT. ANGLES OF ACTION. PRESSURE
ANGLE
Where the common normal cuts the line of centers is
called pitch point.
The total angle through which the driver turns during the
time it is in contact with the follower is the angle of
action of the driver and the angle turned through by the
follower during the same time is the angle of action of
the follower.
 The

angle which is common normal to the
contact surfaces makes with a
perpendicular to the line of centers through
the pitch point is called the pressure angle
or angle of obliquity.
SLIDING CONTACT: CONDITIONS FOR
CONSTANT ANGULAR SPEED RATIO
When the contacting surfaces of the driver and follower
are so shaped that their common normal intersects the
line of center at the same point for all the positions of
the pieces throughout their period of action, thus
resulting in a constant angular velocity, the curves
which form the outline of these surfaces are said to be
conjugate curves.
TO DRAW THE CONJUGATE TO A GIVEN
CURVE
CONTINUOUS ROTATION WITH THE
CONSTANT ANGULAR SPEED RATIO
With the driver and follower having constant angular
speed ratio through direct contact as in Fig. 6-6, the
range of motion is limited to a relatively small part of a
revolution.
ROLLING CONTACT
If one body is in contact with another body
along a line and the relative motion is such
that no slipping occurs between coincident
points on the line of contact, the bodies are
said to be in pure rolling contact.
The lengths of the acting curves in such a case would
be the same. Hence, the conditions for pure rolling
contact between two bodies which are turning about
parallel axes which are fixed relative to each other are;
the point of contact must always be on the line of
centers, and the lengths of the contacting surfaces as
shown by their braces on the a plane perpendicular to
their axes, must be equal.
The fundamental condition is that every
point on one body which is in the line of
contact, must have the same velocity as the
coincident point on the other body.
The point of contact must always be on the
line of centers, and the lengths of the
contacting surfaces, as shown by their
traces on a plane perpendicular to their
axes, must be equal.