Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Flexible Equipments - Iahe
Flexible Equipments - Iahe
Wheel Control
Stick
Control
Motor Grader
It is mounted on pneumatic
tyres and mobile
Its running speed is up to 35
Features
- It can be fitted on all types of tractors with rear
hook or draw bar arrangement
- Its discs are in concave shape which enables their
- It is of two types
penetration in earth by combination of weight and
(i) Trailing type
(ii) Hydraulic mounted type
design
Cultivator
Purpose
- Used to mix the soil with
additives
Features
- It can be fitted on all types of tractors
Purpose
- It is very useful and low cost
equipment to be used for
grading purpose in rural roads
Function
- This attachment is fitted on tractor
Function
- Front dozing attachment is used to scatter bulk
material
- Grading attachment smoothens the surface, makes
it flat and provides slope as per requirement
- This attachment is fitted on four wheel drive tractor
of 75 hp capacity
Dozing Attachment
Loader and Backhoe Attachment
Radial Attachment
Dozing and Backhoe Attachment
Grading Attachment
Tractor Fitted With Dozing Attachment
Purpose:
Features:
- Dozing attachment easily detachable
- It can be fitted on 60-70 hp tractor
- Lift height 775 to 900 mm
- Width of dozing attachment 2250 to 2400 mm
- Blade cutting capacity 120 mm
- Blade if damaged, can be replaced easily and
economically
- Dozing attachment fitted with single/ double
cylinder to control dozing
Tractor Fitted With Front End Loader Attachment
Purpose:
- Low cost equipment used to lift
and transport aggregate/ soil for
short distance
Purpose:
- Used to carry out digging and
loading activities simultaneously
Purpose:
- Used to carry out dozing,
digging and loading
activitiessimultaneously
activities simultaneously
Features:
- Backhoe attachment can be used for digging up to
3.5 metre
- Attachment for digging above 3.5 metre can be
fitted on tractor above 60 hp
- Bucket capacity is 0.23 cum
- Can be used for loading material in tractor trailers/
tippers
- Length of dozer blade is 2400 mm
- Height of dozer blade is 900 mm
Wet Mix Plant
Purpose
- To prepare wet mix macadam base material, which
comprises of crushed, graded aggregate and granular
material premixed with water in desired proportion
Features
- WMM plant 100 Tonne per hour capacity shall be
ideal in normal work, which depends on quantity of
wet mix available and completion time
Essential Components:
- Minimum 4 bins with total capacity 30 cum
- AC/DC variable speed motor fitted under each bin
to control flow of material coming under each bin
- Slinger conveyor provided to carry material from
bins to pug mill
- Aggregate over size rejection vibrating screen
provided between gathering and slinger conveyor to
reject over size material
- Water tank minimum 10,000 litre, self priming
pump, control valve, spray bar with water flow
meter provided to add desired quantity of water in
pug mill
- Hydraulically operated gob hoper provided to
collect and release mix material instantaneously, to
avoid segregation
- Control panel is provided to control all activities of
plant
DG Set 82.5 kva is adequate for 100 TPH WMM
in sequential manner and their precise process
Plant
control i.e. operation of various drives, control the
proportion of different sizes of aggregates/material
Following information is provided in control panel
(i) Aggregate weight in tonne / hr
(ii) Total cumulative weight of aggregate in tonne
during specified period
(iii) Water flow in litre per minute
(iv) Water flow in litre during specified period
Tractor Towed Water Tanker
Features:
- Capacity of water tanker is
approx. 5000 litre and towed with
45 hp tractor
- Sheet thickness – 4 mm
- Sturdy chassis 150x65 mm, Single axle of 75 mm
diameter fitted with two tyres size 900 x 16
- Normal length - 3050 mm, width - 1400 mm, height
-1170 mm and weight 1350 kg
- Fitted with sprinkler system for uniform water
spraying
Tractor Towed Trolley
Features:
- It is fitted with hydraulic tipping arrangement
Single Axle Load
Capacity : 8 to 10
Tonne
Double Axle Load
Capacity : 10 to 12
Tonne
- Size of trolley: (i) Length -3350, (ii) Width -1950, (iii)
Height - 600 mm, (iv) Floor thickness – 5 mm, (v) Side
wall thickness – 3 mm
Tractor fitted with Air Compressor Unit
Purpose:
- Demolition of structures,
cutting of hard rock and
Features
- It has got one steel drum in front and two
pneumatic tyres
- The steel drum vibrates during vibration mode
- The frequency of vibration is in the range 25 to 50
hertz
- The amplitude is in the range 0.8 to 2.0 mm
- The shape of pad foot in pneumatic tyres provides
lesser contact area, thus more static linear load
resulting better compaction
- Higher amplitude also provides better compaction
on earth and embankment
Frequencies and Amplitudes for Different
Application
S.No Application Frequency Amplitude
(In Hertz) (In mm)
(i) Embankment of sub- 25-30 1.5-2.0
grade soils
(ii) Granular, stabilized 25-50 0.8-2.0
base and sub base
Vibratory Tandem Roller
Purpose
- It is a conventional roller being
used for compaction since decays
Features
- Static linear load is the deciding factor in
compaction
Bitumen
Line
Hot mix discharge
Hot Mix Discharge
Air
Burner
Bitumen
Air
Hot Mix
Discharge
Drum Mix Plant (Counter Flow Type)
Drum Mix Plant ( Parallel Flow Type)
1 3 4 9 10
6 11
2
5 8
7
Essential Components
1 - Cold feed bins - minimum 4 no
2 - Aggregate over size rejection screed
3 - Cold feed conveyor
4 - Automatic weighing system
5 - Dryer cum mixing drum
6 - Exhaust control system
7 - Bitumen unit
8 - Primary dust collector
9 - Hot mix conveyor
10 - Gob hopper
11 - Control cabin
Optional
1. Hot mix surge silo
2. Pollution control device
Cold Aggregate Feeder System
Minimum requirement of bins - 4no
Bin walls should have steep slope of 60-70° to
ensure smooth flow of aggregate
Vibrator
Blower
Products of Steam
combustion
50-55% Induced air
Blower
Products of Steam
combustion
50-55% Induced air
Essential Features of Dryer cum Mixing Drum
(i) Speed of drum Approximately 10 to 12 RPM
(ii) Slop of drum Not exceeding 9 cm per metre
(iii) Length to Between 4 to 6
diameter ratio
(iv) Dwell time 2 to 3 minutes depending upon
(time taken by slope, length of drum, flight
material to pass arrangement, rotational speed
through drum and quantity of material flow
Essential Features of Drum Mix Plant
Burner should have auto ignition system
Bitumen
line
Fines received
from dust collector
is inducted in dryer
drum in desired
proportion through
bitumen and fines Design of Bitumen Fines Receiver
receiver
Primary Dust Collector
It is initial pollution control device
It works on centrifugal separation principle
- Cyclonic separator consists of large diameter
cylindrical shell having conical base
- Dust laiden gas after reaching at bottom spirals up
and sucked out (due to vacuum created by exhaust
fan) through a coaxial cylinder fitted at top
- Large size dust particles thrown out due to spinning
motion of gas
- These particles slide down and collected in a
hopper at bottom, which are sent to mixing zone; if
required
Multiple unit of cones with longer length of
cyclones are preferred due to their higher efficiency
The valuable fines lost in dryer exhaust may be
compensated with mineral filler at later stage
Gas Out Let Through Exhaust
Gas In let
From Dryer
Exhaust
Fines
Water
flow
Air
Slurry
discharge
Water
Nozzles
Slurry
Discharge
Control Panel
It is the heart of plant to control all its activities
It comprises of
- Start/stop button of motors. Start button will
energize contactor and motor
- Stop button or overloading of motor will drop
contactor and motor will stop
Details of motors for various operations
- Bin vibrator
- Gathering conveyor
- Slinger conveyor
- Vibrating screen (Over size rejection screen)
- Fuel oil pump
- Drum drive
- Load out conveyor
- Hydraulic system for operation of gob hopper
- Screw conveyor
- Exhauster
- Hot oil system
- Bitumen pump
- Bitumen burner
- Screw conveyor
- Compressor unit
- Water pump motors for secondary pollution control
unit
Systems Provided In Control Panel Of Drum Mix
Plant
1. Percentage of different materials
(i) Plant load 0-100% setting of plant capacity
(ii) Moisture 0-10% setting for moisture
content content
(iii) Aggregate 0-50% setting for feeder 1 to 4
bins
(iv) Bitumen 0-6% setting for bitumen
content
(v) Mineral filler 0-6% setting for mineral filler
2. Running weight of materials
Fuel 8
In litre/ 6
tonne
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Effect of moisture content on fuel consumption
Increase in moisture content will result
- Drop in production of plant
Production of plant 100
50
in tonne / hour
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Production rate 90 83.7 77.4 71.1 64.8 58.5
Altitude 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000
Screening drum
Hot bins
Burner
Cold bins
Slinger
conveyor
Pug mill
Hot mix discharge
Features of Rotary Motion
Screens
Different
Burner Compartments
Hot Mix Plant (Batch Type) Fitted With
Reciprocating Motion
Vibrating
Hot elevator screen
Hot bins
Dryer drum
Cold bins Pug mill
s
Hot mix
Burner discharge
Reciprocating Motion of Vibrating Screen in Hot Mix
Plant (Batch Type)
Hot aggregates Hot aggregate received from
hot elevator Over size
received from hot
rejection
elevator pass over a
series of vibrating
screens of different sizes
Over size
Vibrating
rejection Chute
screen
for 30 mm
and above
13 to 30 mm 0 to 2.5 mm
2.5 to 5mm
5 to 13 mm
Hot Screens
Function
- To separate aggregates in to specific sizes
Scalping screen provided at top
- It rejects and carries off over size aggregate
-The intermediate size screens decrease in size from
top to bottom
- Last screen is for sorting fines
Induction of finer aggregates in to a bin intended to
contain next larger size is called carry over
- Carry over normally fluctuates in bin no 2, which
affects job mix formula
- To prevent excessive carry over, screens must be
checked daily for cleanliness
Screens must be clean, robust and maintain
balance with the capacity of dryer drum and pug mill
Separation of Aggregates Through Screens
• 13 • 2.5 to • 0 to
to 5 2.5
• 5 to 13
30 mm
mm
Different sizes of screens are one over the other in
sequential manner
Hot Bins
These are used to store heated and
screened aggregates of different sizes
temporarily
Each bin has individual compartment / divided by
partitions - 4 in no
Each bin to be of sufficient capacity to hold
aggregate and avoid their intermingling, while plant
is in operation at full capacity
Capacity of all hot bins to be of about 10 batches
production
Each bin be equipped with an over flow pipe to
prevent
Over filling of bins will result heavy carry over of
excess amount of aggregates to operated
flow to
aggregates
Each bin compartment is pneumatically
and chances of damage to screens
other binsstage discharge gates control by computer
with two
Hot Bin Leveling Indicator
3. 4.
1. 2.
4.
3.
Purpose:
- It is used to spray thin, uniform and accurately
measured quantity of binder under pressure
Purpose:
- To spray bitumen uniformly for tack
coat purpose, application in pot
hole/ patch repair and other small
bituminous works
Features:
- It can be towed with tractor or road roller
It depends upon
Type of Paver finisher
Traction effort being applied
Capacity of Paver finisher
Mobility of Paver finisher
Type of Paver finisher
Mechanical Paver finisher
- Controls the screed level
manually which once set
gives the output as per
desired profile
General
- Paver should be capable to apply sufficient traction
force to pushup a loaded dumper of 20/25 tonne
capacity at 10% gradient
Classification
- Crawler mounted/ Tracked Paver finisher
- Wheeled Paver finisher
Crawler mounted / Tracked Paver finisher
1 2
width
Initial cost is less
Less traction in two wheel drive can result slippage
on tack coat
Wear and tear of tires is on higher side
Capacity of Paver finisher
It depends upon
Paving width
Paving thickness
Type of material to be paved
Out put (lay down rate in tonne per hour)
Prime mover out put
Paving speed
Travel speed
Paving Width of Paver Finisher
Hydraulically
Extendable
Telescopic Screed
- It has telescopic extensions operated hydraulically
- Its basic width is 2.5 to 3.0 metre extendable up to
6.0 metre
- In some Pavers extension possible up to 10 metre
Hydrostatic Paver Finisher for paving width beyond
10 metre
- Mechanical screed comprising mechanical
extension pieces, tampers, vibrator, heating system
etc. provided up to 13 metre width
Paving Thickness and Type of Material to be Paved
Paving Thickness
- Mechanical Paver Finisher -10 to 200 mm
- Hydrostatic Paver Finisher -10 to 350 mm
Type of Material to be Paved
- Aggregate mixes such as aggregate for B.U.S.G,
Wet mix macadam, Dry lean concrete
- Screed Unit
Hydraulic tow arm cylinder
Tractor Unit
Raw mat Tow point
material Mat thickness
adjustment
Wheel
Paved mat material Screed
base
Components of Paver finisher
It is an optional item
It is a sensor which does
not come in contact with
mix materials being laid
Wheeled Paver
- The forward movement of Paver tows the screed
unit and paving material flows under screed. It
causes screed to float on mat or material, thus
establishing mat thickness
- Screed is completely free to float up or down
Angle Of Attack
Function of Screed
If head of material is too If head of material is too low,
high, screed is forced screed is forced downwards
upwards
Ideal Condition
during Paving
2
1- Tamper, 2- Vibrating screed
Screed equipped with Tamping And Vibrating mechanism
Tamping Unit
It consists of tamping bar with chamfered edges
and provided along length of screed
The tamping bar moves up and down vertically
with
(i) Amplitude varying 3 to 5 mm
(ii) Frequency 0-2000 strokes/minute
- It is operated hydraulically
- The tamping bar provides initial compaction to the
material, which facilitates the movement of screed
Tow arm assembly
Adequate head of
material covering almost
2/3rd auger shaft should
Ideal condition of Auger Screw
Adjustable
Flow Gate
Mechanical condition
Tow point cylinders – 2 nos. adjusts screed height and screed slope
Number of tyres
*Scrap iron bars or sand is used as ballast
Pneumatic tire rollers normally 7 to 9 wheels with
maximum wheel load of 3000 Kg per wheel is
sufficient for compaction
Role of Tyres
- Tyre geometry plays an important role on
compaction characteristics
- Tyres must be inflated to nearly equal pressures
with variation up to 5 psi, to keep uniform pressure
during rolling
Bitumen Pickup
- In initial rolling, pneumatic tyre picks up bitumen.
Diesel may be applied while tyres are warming up
Alternately
- Roller may be run on a surface which has already
been compacted by steel wheel rollers and still hot
- Once temperature difference between bituminous
mat and tyre is less than 20°C, bitumen will
not stick to tire
Forces exerted by pneumatic roller during
compaction are shown below
Direction of travel