Chapter 9 Trim Out Phase

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 Learning Objectives

• Learn About the Trim Out Phase

• Learn About Cable Management
• Understand How to Terminate Copper Media
• Learn About Terminating Fiber-Optic Media
• Learn About Patch Panels

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 Cutting Cable to Length

• At the wall outlet, leave about 15-20 cm (6 - 8

in) of cable that can be coiled in the wall box
• A common mistake of new installers is to cut
the cable short. Remember, excess can
always be cut off, but a short cable cannot be
extended
• When it is time to cut the cables to length,
care must be taken to re-label the cables
before cutting if the original label is on a
portion that is cut off

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 Cable Splicing

• Splicing cabling is connecting two cables

together
• In a straight splice, one cable will come to the
splice point from one direction while the other
cable will come to the splice point from the
opposite direction
• In a butt splice, all cables come to the splice
location from the same direction

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 Fiber optic splicing

Mechanical splicing - the two ends of a fiber optic cable are fixed in
position within a tube so that they form one continuous
communications channel.

Fusion splicing - a connection between fibers is accomplished

through the application of heat and the resulting melting and fusion of
two fiber strands.
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 Cable Termination

• The termination of communications cables at

a TR is referred to as 'punching down‘
• The term punch down comes from the special
spring-loaded tool used to terminate the
individual wires

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 Labeling Systems

• Labeling cable is essential to good cable

management
• It is best to label cable before terminating it. If
this was not done, use a tone and probe set
to identify the cables
• Use an industry accepted labeling scheme
such as the one specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-
606

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 Dressing cables

• Cable management is important to protect

and organize cables
• It is never acceptable to place cables over a
dropped ceiling or to lay them on ceiling tiles
• Similarly, cables should not be exposed
around work areas since they can be
accidentally stretched, kicked, or even pulled
out of the outlet

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 Wire Management

• The purpose of wire management is to

organize and protect cables
• Cable management systems can be open or
closed
• Open systems are accessible so it is easy to
route, test, add, or remove cables
• Closed systems provide better protection for
the cables

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 Consolidation Points and MUTOAs

• Consolidation points or multi-user

telecommunications outlet assemblies
(MUTOAs) can be placed strategically
throughout an office layout
• Each consolidation point or MUTOA will
generally serve between six and 12 users
• These become fixed terminal locations
throughout the office
• When office partitions are changed, the
cabling is changed back to the MUTOA or
consolidation point only
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 Types of management equipment

• Raceways
• Baskets
• J-hooks and bridle rings
• D-rings and mushrooms
• Ladder systems
• Cable trays
• Fasteners
• Management systems

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 Raceways

• Raceway is the term used to describe

containment systems that house or support
cables

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 Cable Trays

• Cable trays are used to provide a pathway

and support for network distribution cables
and backbone cables in cable runs or the TR

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 Cable Baskets

• Wire baskets have the same

function as cable trays but are
generally lighter and can be
more versatile. They are made
of formed and welded wire

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 Ladder Racks

• A ladder system is built from sections that resemble a ladder

• Ladder systems can be installed above a dropped ceiling, or
they can be installed in a TR
• They can run
vertically or
horizontally

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 J-Hooks

• J-hooks are used to support

cables when other devices are
not suitable
• J-hooks are easy to mount and
come in a variety of sizes
• The large surface area can
support cables without disturbing
the architecture of the individual
pairs
• Cables can be easily added or
removed from J-hook supports
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 Cable Ties

• Nylon cable ties are used to secure cables

into bundles for neat and orderly routing.
Cable ties should not be over-tightened
• Over-tightening can cause the architecture of
the cable to change

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 Copper Media: Tip and Ring

• Pairs of wires for voice or data are referred to

as tip and ring
• The ring colors are blue, orange, green,
brown, and slate
• The tip colors are white, red, black, yellow,
and violet

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 25-Pair Color Code

• The color-coding is universal to all

telecommunications cables in North America
• Each colored cable pair is associated with a
respective number
• Cables larger than 25 pairs are formed into
25-pair groups

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 25-Pair Color Code

• Communications cables
are color-coded to
identify individual pairs
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 Determining Binder Colors

• Pair 398 would be the violet/green pair in the

yellow/blue binder group.
• This is determined by subtracting one from the
pair: 398-1=397, dividing by 25: 397/25=15 R 22
and recording the quotient and the remainder.
• Adding one to the quotient gives the binder
number: 15+1=16=Yellow/Blue.
• Adding one to the remainder gives the wire pair
number: 22+1=23=Violet/Green.

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 Four Pair Color Code

• For most voice and data cabling, UTP cables are

used
• These cables have four pairs of twisted wires in
each cable
• The color-coding scheme for this type of cabling is
a subset of the larger 25-pair color code:
• Pair 1 - White/Blue
• Pair 2 - White/Orange
• Pair 3 - White/Green
• Pair 4 - White/Brown
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 T568A and T568B Wiring Schemes

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 RJ-11 Plugs and Jacks

• The RJ-11 connector, which can be either a jack

or plug, is used for terminating Category 3 cable
• This common connector has six pins
• Pair 1(white/blue) is terminated on pins 3 and 4
• Pair 2 (white/orange) is terminated on pins 2 and
5
• Pair 3 (white/green) is terminated on pins 1 and
6

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 RJ-45 Plugs and Jacks

• RJ-45 plugs have eight pins that will

accommodate up to four pairs of wires
• Pair 1 is always terminated on the center pins, in
this case, pins 4 and 5
• Pair 4 (white/brown) is always terminated on
pins 7 and 8
• Using T568B, pair 2 (white/orange) terminates
on pins 1 and 2
• Pair 3 (white/green) terminates on pins 3 and 6
• T568A reverses pairs 2 and 3 so that pair 2
terminates on pins 3 and 6, while pair 3
terminates on pins 1 and 2
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 Coaxial Cable Connectors

• The two common types of coaxial cable

connectors are BNC connectors and F-
connectors

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 Telephone D-type Connector

• The telephone D-type

connector is used to
interconnect communications
equipment to terminal blocks.
It is also used to connect one
entire terminal block to
another. These connectors
crimp 25 pairs of wire and
can come in male and
female configurations

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 110-Blocks

• 110-blocks are high-density termination

blocks suitable for either voice or data
applications
• The insulation displacement connection
provides a low resistance gas tight connection

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 Fiber-Optic Cable Color Code

• Just as copper wires have a color-coding scheme

to distinguish pairs of wires, there is a standard
color-coding scheme for fiber-optic cable. This
color-coding scheme is specified in TIA/EIA 598-A

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 Fiber-Optic Jumper Cables

• Fiber-optic jumpers or patch cables are used to

interconnect electronic equipment to the fiber-
optic cable, or they are used to patch from one
cable to another
• Jumpers are used to interconnect equipment to
the fiber-optic cable, while patch cables are
used for interconnection of one cable to another
• Generally, fiber-optic jumpers are duplex
cables. Duplex means that there are two fibers
used in the construction of the fiber-optic
jumper. One is used on the transmit side of the
equipment, and one is used on the receive side

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 Fiber-Optic Connectors

• Fiber-optic connectors come in single-mode

and multimode varieties
• The hole in the single-mode connector will be
slightly smaller than the multimode connector
• There are a number of different types of fiber-
optic connectors that are used in the
communications industry

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 SC Connectors

• SC type connectors feature a push-pull

connect and disconnect method. High quality
SC connectors feature a ceramic ferrule. A
ferrule is a ceramic shaft that contains the
fiber
• The SC connector is the preferred connector
to use according to the standards.

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 ST Connectors

• The ST fiber-optic connector is a bayonet

type of connector
• The receptacle is keyed and the connector is
also keyed
• Standards will allow the use of ST connectors
when the existing infrastructure incorporates
ST connectors

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 FC Connectors

• FC fiber-optic connectors are similar in design

to the SC and the ST
• The method of securing the FC connector is a
threaded receptacle.

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 Other Fiber-Optic Connectors

• MT-RJ is a small form factor, duplex fiber-

optic connector. It incorporates two fibers,
one for transmit and one for receive
• LC connectors are ideal for applications
where space is limited. LC connectors are
similar in appearance to SC connectors, yet
they are half the size.
• MTP connectors provide reliable high
performance interconnects of up to 12 fibers.

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 Fiber-Optic Splicing

• Splicing is the joining of two pieces of fiber-optic

cable. There are two methods used to splice
fiber-optic cable, mechanical and fusion
• In a mechanical splice, the splice connector
provides precision alignment so that the cores of
the two fibers being spliced are aligned as close
to one another as physically possible
• Fusion splicing is the actual welding of the
optical fibers to one another. Special machines
called fusion splicers are used in this process

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 Terminating on patch panels

• Patch panels are used to interconnect data

networking or voice systems to the physical
cable network
• Patch panels are also used to interconnect
backbone cable systems to network
distribution cable systems
• A uniform wiring plan must be used
throughout a patch panel system
• All jacks and patch panels should be wired
using the same wiring plan
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 Patch panels

• The rear of the patch panel has network

cables that are punched down
• The front of the patch panel has a factory-
terminated interface of some type into which
patch cords are inserted

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 Patch Cables

• Patch cables come in a variety of wiring

schemes. The most common, the straight
through, has the same wiring scheme on both
ends of the cable
• Crossover cables use the T568A wiring plan
on one end and T568B on the other

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 Patch Cables

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 Cross-connecting

• Cross-connecting is the term used for the

interconnection of networks or the connection
of information outlets or jacks to network
equipment
• Cross-connect wire is punched down directly
on the punch down termination panels rather
than using a patch cord

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 TUTORIAL CHAPTER 9

1. What is splicing cabling?

2. Compare straight and butt splice.
3. Compare the MUTOA with consolidation point.
4. List at least five types of management equipment.
5. Provide complete 25 pair cable color code table.
6. Provide complete fiber-optic cable color code table.
7. What are the four common types of termination blocks?

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 TUTORIAL CHAPTER 9

8. List common connectors for these cables below:

a)Fiber optic cable
b)Coaxial cable
c) UTP cable

9. Which item is displayed in the graphic?

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 TUTORIAL CHAPTER 9

10. Name tools displayed in the table.

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