Industrial Training Seminar on IP,

and VLAN in Computer Networks

Submitted By:-
SESSION : 2016-17
Amit Kumar Bind
B.Tech(CSE)
Final Year
130207
Contents
 Introduction
 What is Computer Network ?
 Network Cables
 Routers
 Switches
 Network Cards
 Internet Protocol
 IP Addresses
 Allotment of IP addresses
 DHCP
 VLAN
 References
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 INTRODUCTION
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL) was incorporated on 15
September 2000 that time Mr. J N Mishra has taken the
responsibility of BSNL as a President.
 It is a public sector  telecommunication company, headquartered
in New Delhi, India. Mr. Anupam Shrivastava is Chairman and
MD of BSNL.
 Before 2000, BSNL was the only telecom service provider in the
country (MTNL was present only in Mumbai and New Delhi).
 It is the largest provider of fixed telephony and broadband
services with more than 60% market share.
 It is the sixth largest mobile telephony provider in India.
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WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK ?
 A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing
hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to
facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users.
 The physical connection between networked computing devices is established
using either cable media or wireless media.
 The best-known computer network is the Internet.
 Hardware required to setup a computer network:-
Network Cables
Routers
Switches
Network Cards

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NETWORK CABLES
 Networking cables are used to connect one network device to
other network devices or to connect two or more computers to
share printer, scanner etc.
 Different types of network cables like Coaxial cable, Optical
fiber cable, Twisted Pair cables are used depending on
the network's topology, protocol and size.

OPTICAL FIBRE
CABLE

Coaxial cable 5
 ROUTERS
 A router is a type of device which acts as the central point among
computers and other devices that are part of a network.
 A router is equipped with holes called ports and computers and
other devices are connected to a router using network cables.

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 SWITCHES
 A network switch  is a computer networking device that
connects devices together on a computer network, by
using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the
destination device.

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 NETWORK CARD
 Network card is a necessary component of a computer without
which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is also
known as network adapter or Network Interface Card (NIC).
Most branded computers have network card pre-installed.
 Network cards are of two types : Internal and External Network
Cards.

INTERNAL
INTERFACE CARD EXTERNAL
INTERFACE CARD 8
 IP ADDRESS
 An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label
assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in
a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication. 
 An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network
interface identification and location addressing. An address
indicates where it is.
 IP address is replacement of phone no. in new era.
 IP address is corresponding of MAC address.

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 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from
one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on
the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other
computers on the Internet.
 When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a Web page),
the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these
packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's address.
Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of
the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards
the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and
so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as
belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That
gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is
specified.

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 ALLOTMENT OF IP ADDRESSES
 There are two methods of ip allotment:-
1.STATIC:-
When referring to a network or network device, static allocation is the
assignment of a fixed address. For example, assigning a computer a
fixed IP address of 192.168.123.114 never changes unless done so manually.
This address is designated by the user and not the network. Assigning a
computer a static IP address that is not compatible with your network
configuration will not allow the computer to communicate properly with the
network.

2.DYNAMIC:- 
When referring to a network or network device, dynamic allocation or
a dynamic IP address is the automatic assignment of an IP addresses by the
network. For example, an IP addresses being assigned by DHCP. 11
ALLOTMENT OF STATIC IP ADDRESS

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 DHCP
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network
protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP
address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a
scope) configured for a given network.
 When a computer uses a static IP address, it means that the
computer is manually configured to use a specific IP address.
One problem with static assignment, occurs when two computers
are configured with the same IP address. This creates a conflict
that results in loss of service. Using DHCP to dynamically assign
IP addresses minimizes these conflicts.
 Two methods for implementing DHCP:-
1.Configuring router
2.Using DHCP server 13
Configuration on Router

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Using DHCP Server

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 VLAN
 VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network
 Viewed as a group of devices on different physical LAN can communicate
with each other as if they were all on the same physical LAN
 Configured through software rather than hardware extremely flexible.
 In simple terms, a VLAN is a set of workstations within a LAN that can
communicate with each other as though they were on a single, isolated
LAN.
 What does it mean to say that they “communicate with each other as
though they were on a single, isolated LAN”?

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V LAN

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 References
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited
 http
://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/asa/asa72/command/reference/cmd_ref/p_72
.html
 Data Communication And Networking- Behrouz A. Foruzan
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuetr_network

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THANK YOU

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