Professional Documents
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Motivation & Emotion
Motivation & Emotion
Motivation
What is Motivation?
Extrinsic Motivation
Types of Motivation
• Arise from outside of the individual
Motives
Primary Motive
Primary Motives
• Primary motives also known as biological motives, have a definite
physiological basis and are biologically necessary for survival of the
individual or species.
Hunger
Thirst
Secondary Motive
Secondary Motives
• Secondary motives are learned motives and are sometimes known as psychosocial motives
Social
Psychological
Social motive are those which
Social motive are individualistic in
motivates us to go out, interact with
nature.
people.
Self actualization
Theories of Motivation
Instinct Theory
Incentive Theory
Drive theory
Arousal Theory
Theories
Humanistic Theory of Motivation
Instinct Theory
Drive-
Need Drive reducing
Behavior
Whereas
When arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch and
exciting movie or go for a jog.
When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a person would
probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a book.
Arousal Theory
According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of
arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the situation.
Humanistic Theory
Maslow believed that humans have specific needs that must be met and that if lower level needs go unmet, we
can not possible strive for higher level needs
The Hierarchy of Needs shows that at the lower level, we must focus on basic issues such as food, sleep, and
safety.
Without food, without sleep, how could we possible focus on the higher level needs such as respect, education,
and recognition?
Motivational Theories Applied at Workplace
Equity Theory
• Employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job
and the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and
outcomes of others
Expectancy theory
Motivational Theories Applied at
Workplace
• Employees are motivated when they expect their efforts and job performance
to result in desired outcomes
Emotions
What are Emotions?
Mood is something that you may not express whereas an emotion can be
expressed
Expressing
Emotions
Theories of Emotion
Physiological Theories
• James Lange Theory
Cognitive Theories
• Schachter-Singer Theory
Theories of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
If the arousal is not noticed or is not given any thought, then we will
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
not experience any emotion based on this event.
Sight of
Pounding Fear
oncoming
heart (emotion)
car
(arousal)
(perception of
stimulus)
Fear
(emotion)
Sight of • To experience
oncoming
car
Fear
(emotion=
emotion one must:
(perception of
stimulus)
labeled – be physically
arousal)
Fear
(emotion= aroused
labeled
arousal)
– cognitively label the
Cognitive arousal
label
“I’m afraid”
You are walking down a dark
alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and
you begin to tremble, your
heart beats faster, and your
breathing deepens. Upon
noticing this arousal you
realize that is comes from the
fact that you are walking
down a dark alley by yourself.
This behavior is dangerous
and therefore you feel the
emotion of fear.
Lazarus Theory of Emotion
In other words, you must first think about your situation before you
can experience an emotion
You are walking down a dark
alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you
think it may be a mugger so you
begin to tremble, your heart
beats faster, and your breathing
deepens and at the same time
experience fear
• Time
Functionality/Dysfunctionality
• Situation
Motivation
Communication
• Feeling angry makes you want to strike out at the object of your
anger