The document discusses different parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and conjunctions. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. For nouns, it describes common nouns and proper nouns. It also lists and explains the different types of common nouns. For pronouns, it defines them and lists the nine types of pronouns. Adjectives are described as words that describe nouns. Finally, conjunctions are defined as words that connect words, phrases, or clauses, with examples of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
The document discusses different parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and conjunctions. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. For nouns, it describes common nouns and proper nouns. It also lists and explains the different types of common nouns. For pronouns, it defines them and lists the nine types of pronouns. Adjectives are described as words that describe nouns. Finally, conjunctions are defined as words that connect words, phrases, or clauses, with examples of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
The document discusses different parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and conjunctions. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. For nouns, it describes common nouns and proper nouns. It also lists and explains the different types of common nouns. For pronouns, it defines them and lists the nine types of pronouns. Adjectives are described as words that describe nouns. Finally, conjunctions are defined as words that connect words, phrases, or clauses, with examples of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
MPU3022 English Language Proficiency Nouns What Are Nouns? ● A noun is a word that represents ● Thing. This includes: a person, place, or thing ○ Objects: table, London Bridge, chisel, Easy Examples of Nouns: nitrogen, month, inch, ● Person: soldier, Alan, cousin, cooking lawyer ○ Animals: aardvark, ● Place: house, London, rat, shark, Mickey factory, shelter ○ Ideas: confusion, kindness, faith, Theory of Relativity, joy Types of Nouns Common Nouns Proper Nouns ● A common noun is the word for ● A proper noun is the given name a person, place, or thing. of a person, place, or thing. ● It's the word that appears in the ● It's likely to be a personal name dictionary. or a title. ● For example: ● For example: ○ person ○ Michael ○ city ○ New York ○ dog ○ Rover ● (Note: A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.) Types of Common Nouns 1. Abstract Noun (cannot be seen 6. Gerund (formed from a verb and or touched) ends "-ing") 2. Concrete Noun (can be seen or 7. Non-countable Noun (cannot be touched) pluralized) 3. Collective Noun (represents a 8. Countable Noun (can be group) pluralized) 4. Compound Noun (consists of 9. Verbal Noun (formed from a two or more words) verb but has no verb-like traits) 5. Gender-specific Noun (is masculine or feminine) Pronouns What Are Pronouns? ● A pronoun is a word that Why Do We Need Pronouns? replaces a noun.
Easy Examples of Pronouns:
● Jack met Jill in Boston. He first
saw her in a Chinese restaurant.
(In this example, the pronoun
"he" replaces the noun "Jack," and the pronoun "her" replaces the noun "Jill.") Types of Pronouns 1 Personal pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Examples of Pronouns ● A personal pronoun takes the place of ● An emphatic pronoun is paired with another people or things. noun or pronoun to emphasize it. ○ I bought some books, but they ○ The Queen herself attended the party. weren't included. ● A reflexive pronoun is paired with another noun ● A possessive pronoun shows possession. or pronoun to show it is acting on itself. ○ I always check if the art across the ○ Alison does not trust herself. street is better than mine. ● An indefinite pronoun refers to a person or a ● A relative pronoun introduces a clause that thing without being specific. describes a noun. ○ I don't know anything about music. ○ Education is the most powerful ● An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a weapon which you can use to change question. the world. ○ Which is worse, failing or never trying? ● A demonstrative pronoun can refer to ● A reciprocal pronoun is used to express a mutual something previously mentioned or to action or relationship. something being pointed at by the speaker. ○ Friends are kind to one another's dreams. ○ Those are my principles. ○ Friends are kind to each other's dreams. Adjectives What Are Adjectives? ● Adjectives are words that ● Types of adjectives: describe nouns (or pronouns). ○ Attributive adjectives "Old," "green," and "cheerful" ○ Predicative adjectives are examples of adjectives. (It ○ Postpositive adjectives might be useful to think as adjectives as "describing words.") Conjuctions What Are Conjunctions? ● Conjunctions are words used to ○ Subordinating connect words, phrases, or Conjunctions. clauses. Join subordinate clauses to ● There are three types of main clauses. conjunctions: ("although," "because," "if," ○ Coordinating "since," "unless," "until," and Conjunctions "while.") Join a noun with another ○ Correlative Conjunctions noun or an adjective with Used in pairs to join another adjective. alternatives or equal ("for," "and," "nor," "but," elements. "or," "yet," and "so.") ("either/or," "neither/nor," and "not only/but also.") Conjunctions