Hospital-acquired infections

Hospital infection is called “nosocomial infection”

It affects both patient and hospital

The term “nosocominal” is derived from the Greek

Word“Nosoicomeion” meaning health care facility.

Nosocomial infection is acquired while in hospital or

health agency is providing health services to patient.

It is the infection that develops in patients after more

than 48 hours of hospitalization

 Frequency of NI
In the US: Nosocomial infections are estimated to occur in

5% of all acute care hospitalizations.

They ranked hospital wards according to their association

with central-line bloodstream infections. The highest rates

of infection occurred in the burn ICU, neonatal ICU, and
pediatric ICU.
All hospitalized patients are at risk of acquiring an

infection from their treatment or surgery. Some

patients are at greater risk than others, especially
young children, the elderly, and persons with
compromised immune systems.
Factors Influencing HAI
A prolonged hospital stay

Severity of underlying illness

Compromised nutritional or immune status

Use of indwelling catheters

Failure of health care workers to wash their hands

between patients or before procedures

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the

overuse of antibiotics
Infection Control Organization
in Hospital
Provide the funds and resources for infection control
programme
Ensure a safe and clean environment
Ensure the availability of safe food and drinking water
Ensure the availability of sterile supplies and material
Established an infection control committee and teams
Infection control organization
in a hospital
1. Infection Control Program
2. Infection Control Committee
3. Infection Control Team
4. Infection Control Officer
5. Infection Control Nurse
6. Infection Control Manual
 Objective of infection Control
program
Monitoring of hospital associated infections

Training of staff in prevention and control of Hospital

Acquired Infection
Investigation of outbreaks

Controlling the outbreak

Monitoring of staff health to prevent staff to patient and

patient to staff spread of infection.

Advice on isolation procedures and infection control

measures
Infection control audit including inspection of waste

disposal, laundry and kitchen

Monitoring and advice on the safe use of antibiotics.
 Basic elements of hospital
infection control program
Providing a system of identification and reporting of
infections and providing a system for keeping records
of infections.
Providing for good hospital hygiene, aseptic technique
and sterilization and disinfections practices.
Providing for personnel orientation and continuing
education program in infection prevention and control.
Providing for co-ordination with all departments and
with medical/ nursing audit committee in quality
assurance.
Epidemiological Triad
The agent host and environmental factors interact
and interplay which result into the causation of any
disease.
The environment plays a role of fulcrum, if we treat
agent factors and host factors as two panes of balance.
High Risk Procedures
Injections
Surgical Procedures
Dressing of wounds
Management of infected child birth
Investigative Procedures
Dialysis
Major Stakeholders in the
control ofServices
Housekeeping Hospital Infections
Laundry Services
Dietary Services
CSSD
Security Services
Air Conditioning
Design of Building
Nursing care
Waste Disposal Program
Antibiotic Policy of Hospital
Universal Precautions
Thanks